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Shloka 74

Svapnādhāya (Dream-Chapter): Causes, Forms, Nourishment, and Liberation of Pretas

Devanagari script

भ्रातृध्रुग्ब्रह्महा गोघ्नः सुरापो गुरुतल्पगः / कुलमार्गं परित्यज्य ह्यनृतोक्तौ सदा रतः / हर्ता हेम्नश्च भूमेश्च स प्रेदृ

Transliteration

bhrātṛdhrugbrahmahā goghnaḥ surāpo gurutalpagaḥ / kulamārgaṃ parityajya hyanṛtoktau sadā rataḥ / hartā hemnaśca bhūmeśca sa predṛ

Translation

Sesiapa yang mengkhianati saudara, membunuh brāhmaṇa, membunuh lembu, meminum arak, menodai ranjang guru (gurutaḷpaga), meninggalkan jalan dharma keturunan, sentiasa gemar berkata dusta, serta mencuri emas atau tanah—orang itu menjadi preta, roh gelisah selepas mati.

Word by Word
भ्रातृbrother
भ्रातृ:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootभ्रातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष-पूर्वपद (as compound member)
ध्रुक्betrayer
ध्रुक्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootद्रुह् (धातु) → ध्रुक् (कृदन्त/उणादि)
Formकर्तरि, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासान्त-रूप
ब्रह्महाslayer of a Brahmin
ब्रह्महा:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक) + हन् (धातु) → हा (कृदन्त/समासान्त)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (ब्रह्मणः हन्ता), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
गोcow
गो:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष-पूर्वपद (as compound member)
घ्नःkiller
घ्नः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootहन् (धातु) + क (कृदन्त) → घ्न (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्तरि (killer), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
सुरापःdrinker of liquor
सुरापः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसुरा (प्रातिपदिक) + पा (धातु) → प (कृदन्त)
Formउपपद-तत्पुरुष (सुरां पिबति), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
गुरुteacher
गुरु:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष-पूर्वपद (as compound member)
तल्पbed
तल्प:
Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootतल्प (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, समासपूर्वपद (as compound member)
गःone who goes to (i.e., violates) the guru’s bed
गः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootगम् (धातु) + ड (कृदन्त) → ग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formउपपद-तत्पुरुष (गुरुतल्पं गच्छति), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
कुलfamily/lineage
कुल:
Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootकुल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष-पूर्वपद (as compound member)
मार्गम्the family path/tradition
मार्गम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootमार्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वितीया, एकवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग; कुलमार्ग = षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (कुलस्य मार्गः)
परित्यज्यhaving abandoned
परित्यज्य:
Purvakala (Prior action/पूर्वकाल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरि-त्यज् (धातु) + ल्यप् (कृदन्त)
Formक्त्वान्त/ल्यबन्त-अव्यय (gerund), पूर्वकालिक-क्रिया (having abandoned)
हिindeed/for
हि:
Sambandha (Connection/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle; emphasis/causal)
अनृतfalsehood
अनृत:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअनृत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, समासपूर्वपद (as compound member)
उक्तौin false speech/lying
उक्तौ:
Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootउक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; अनृतोक्तौ = तत्पुरुष (अनृतस्य उक्तिः)
सदाalways
सदा:
Kala (Time/काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय
रतःengaged/addicted
रतः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootरम् (धातु) + क्त → रत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formभूतकृदन्त, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
हर्ताstealer
हर्ता:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootहृ (धातु) + तृ (कृदन्त)
Formकर्तरि तृ-प्रत्ययान्त, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
हेम्नःof gold (gold)
हेम्नः:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootहेमन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connection/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय
भूमेःof land (land)
भूमेः:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootभूमि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connection/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय
सःhe/that person
सः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
प्रेदृa preta (departed spirit)
प्रेदृ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रेदृ (प्रातिपदिक; पाठभेद/दुर्लभ-रूप)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; अर्थतः ‘प्रेतः’ इत्यर्थे
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinatā-putra)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Pretayoni

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Mahāpātakas (brahmahatyā, gohatyā, surāpāna, guru-talpa) and allied adharma (falsehood, lineage-dharma abandonment, theft of gold/land) precipitate preta-state.

Vedantic Theme: Adharma thickens avidyā and binds the jīva to lower gati; satya and dharma sustain sattva conducive to higher realization.

Application: Guard against the ‘root’ transgressions: violence against the innocent, sacrilege, intoxication, sexual violation of guru’s household, habitual lying, and property crimes.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: bibhatsa

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa: mahāpātaka lists and preta/naraka outcomes; Garuda Purana: sections on gohatyā, brahmahatyā, surāpāna, guru-talpa as hell-causing sins

Characters & Entities
P
Preta
G
Guru
B
Brahmana

FAQs

This verse links specific grave sins to becoming a preta—an afflicted post-death condition marked by restlessness—showing how unethical actions can obstruct a peaceful transition after death.

It implies that severe adharma (like brahmahatyā, cow-killing, intoxication, violating the guru, habitual lying, and theft of gold/land) can result in a disturbed intermediate state (preta), affecting the departed being’s onward journey.

Uphold truthfulness, avoid exploitation and theft (especially property/land), honor teachers and ethical boundaries, and follow dharmic conduct—these are presented as safeguards for both social order and one’s post-death well-being.

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