Shloka 29

Preta-Mokṣa Upāya: Svapna-Lakṣaṇa, Pitṛ-Doṣa, and Prescribed Rites

Kṛṣṇa-bali & Nārāyaṇa-bali

Devanagari script

हितानामुपदेष्टा हि प्रत्यक्षं दैवतं पिता / अन्या या देवता लोके न देहप्रभवो हि ताः

Transliteration

hitānāmupadeṣṭā hi pratyakṣaṃ daivataṃ pitā / anyā yā devatā loke na dehaprabhavo hi tāḥ

Translation

Sesungguhnya ayah ialah dewa yang nyata, kerana dialah pengajar langsung tentang apa yang membawa manfaat. Adapun dewa-dewa lain di dunia ini bukanlah punca lahirnya tubuh seseorang sebagaimana ayah.

Word by Word

• हितानाम्: of (one’s) welfare/benefits
• हितानाम्: Sambandha (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (हितम्), षष्ठी (6th/सम्बन्ध), बहुवचन

• उपदेष्टा: instructor, adviser
• उपदेष्टा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उप + दिश् (धातु) → उपदेष्टृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; कर्तृवाचक-तृच् (agent noun)

• हि: indeed, for
• हि: Sambandha (Emphasis/Reason)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (particle), हेत्वर्थ/निश्चयार्थ

• प्रत्यक्षम्: visible, directly present
• प्रत्यक्षम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रत्यक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; विशेषणम् ‘दैवतम्’

• दैवतम्: deity
• दैवतम्: Karta (Subject complement)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दैवत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन

• पिता: father
• पिता: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन

• अन्याः: other
• अन्याः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; विशेषणम् ‘ताः’ (devatāḥ)

• याः: which (those)
• याः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; सम्बन्धबोधक-यत् सर्वनाम

• देवताः: deities
• देवताः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवता (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन

• लोके: in the world
• लोके: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), एकवचन

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (negation particle)

• देहप्रभवः: born from a body
• देहप्रभवः: Karta (Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: देह (प्रातिपदिक) + प्रभव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (देवताः—समूहवाच्ये एकवचन-प्रयोगः सम्भवः); समासः तत्पुरुषः (देहात् प्रभवः)

• हि: indeed
• हि: Sambandha (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (particle)

• ताः: they
• ताः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन

Speaker

Lord Vishnu

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Father is pratyakṣa-daivata because he directly teaches beneficial conduct and is the proximate cause of one’s embodiment; other deities are not bodily progenitors.

Vedantic Theme: Acknowledging proximate causes and the guru principle; dharma begins with honoring the immediate benefactor, supporting humility and ethical formation.

Application: Receive paternal/parental guidance with seriousness; repay through service, respect, and upholding family dharma.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

Cross References

Related Themes: Continuation of parent-as-divinity argument across 2.21.28–30; Garuda Purana discussions of guru/elder reverence and pitṛ-ṛṇa

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu
• Garuda
• Father (Pitṛ as parent)

FAQs

What is the importance of honoring the father in the Garuda Purana?

This verse calls the father the “visible deity” because he directly guides one toward welfare and is the immediate cause of one’s embodied existence, making filial reverence a core duty (dharma).

How does this verse connect to Garuda Purana themes of afterlife and rites?

By grounding dharma in gratitude to one’s bodily origin (parents), it supports the wider Preta-kāṇḍa ethic behind śrāddha, piṇḍa-dāna, and ancestral obligations—duties that shape merit and post-death well-being.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Treat caring for and learning from one’s father/parents as a sacred responsibility—through respect, service, truthful conduct, and fulfilling family duties—rather than viewing devotion as only temple-based worship.