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Shloka 13

Arrival at Yama’s cities: Citragupta’s scrutiny, Dharmadhvaja’s gate, and the necessity of dāna

Devanagari script

और्ध्वदैहिकदानानि यैर्न दत्तानि काश्यप / महाकष्टेन ते यान्ति तस्माद्देयानि शक्तितः / अदत्त्वा पशुवद्यान्ति गृहीतो वन्धबन्धनैः

Transliteration

aurdhvadaihikadānāni yairna dattāni kāśyapa / mahākaṣṭena te yānti tasmāddeyāni śaktitaḥ / adattvā paśuvadyānti gṛhīto vandhabandhanaiḥ

Translation

Wahai Kāśyapa (Garuda), mereka yang tidak memberikan sedekah dan persembahan pasca-kematian (aurdhvadaihika dāna) akan berangkat dengan kesukaran yang amat besar. Maka hendaklah ia diberikan menurut kemampuan. Tanpa memberinya, seseorang pergi seperti binatang, ditangkap dan diikat oleh belenggu-belenggu ikatan.

Word by Word
और्ध्वदैहिकदानानिpost-death (funerary) gifts
और्ध्वदैहिकदानानि:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootऔर्ध्वदैहिक (प्रातिपदिक) + दान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (और्ध्वदैहिकानि दानानि = post-death rites gifts)
यैःby whom
यैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; सम्बन्धे (by whom/with which)
नnot
न:
Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध
दत्तानिgiven
दत्तानि:
Visheshana (Adjectival participle/विशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootदा (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; (दानानि) विशेषणरूपेण
काश्यपO Kāśyapa
काश्यप:
Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootकाश्यप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन
महाकष्टेनwith great hardship
महाकष्टेन:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootमहा (प्रातिपदिक) + कष्ट (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मधारय (महच्च तत् कष्टम्)
तेthey
ते:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम
यान्तिgo
यान्ति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
तस्मात्therefore
तस्मात्:
Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; हेत्वर्थे (therefore/from that)
देयानिto be given
देयानि:
Vidhana (Predicate/विधेय)
TypeAdjective
Rootदेय (प्रातिपदिक; दा-धातोः यत्/अनीयर्-अर्थे)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विधेय-विशेषण (दानानि)
शक्तितःaccording to one’s capacity
शक्तितः:
Sambandha (Manner/प्रकार)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (ablatival adverb); यथाशक्ति (according to ability)
अदत्त्वाwithout giving / having not given
अदत्त्वा:
Purvakala (Prior action/पूर्वकाल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअ + दा (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund) नकारार्थक-उपसर्गयुक्त; पूर्वक्रिया
पशुवत्like an animal
पशुवत्:
Sambandha (Manner/प्रकार)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपशु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formवत्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (simile adverb)
यान्तिgo
यान्ति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
गृहीतःseized, captured
गृहीतः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootग्रह् (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; (अन्तर्भूतः 'सः')
वन्धबन्धनैःby binding fetters/ropes
वन्धबन्धनैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootवन्ध (प्रातिपदिक) + बन्धन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (वन्धस्य बन्धनैः = by bonds/ropes)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra, addressed here as Kāśyapa)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Pretayoni

Shraddha Ritual

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Post-funeral period (aurdhvadaihika context; after antyeṣṭi)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Aurdhvadaihika dāna (post-funeral gifts/offerings) is a duty; performing it according to capacity mitigates hardship for the departed and upholds dharma.

Vedantic Theme: Interdependence of ritual action and subtle welfare (karma operating through śrāddha/dāna); compassion as dharmic impetus within saṃsāric order.

Application: After a death, perform prescribed gifts/offerings within means—food, clothing, dakṣiṇā, support to brāhmaṇas/poor—ensuring sincerity over ostentation.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Geographic Context

Type: liminal journey context

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: extensive śrāddha and preta-support instructions in Pretakalpa and later ritual sections; Motif of ‘bandhana’ (binding) and relief through dāna/śrāddha recurring across the text

Characters & Entities
G
Garuda (Kāśyapa)
V
Vishnu

FAQs

This verse states that post-death gifts/offerings ease the departed being’s onward journey; neglecting them leads to great hardship, so they should be done according to one’s means.

It implies the preta’s onward movement can become difficult when prescribed post-funeral support (dāna linked to rites) is withheld, resulting in a constrained, bound condition rather than a supported transition.

Perform funeral and post-funeral rites responsibly and give charity within your capacity—prioritizing sincerity and dharmic intent over display—so obligations to the departed are not neglected.

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