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Shloka 1

Arrival at Yama’s cities: Citragupta’s scrutiny, Dharmadhvaja’s gate, and the necessity of dāna

Devanagari script

वृषोत्सर्गनानादानफलयमलोकगमनकर्मजदेहप्राप्तिनिरूपणं नामाष्टादशो ऽध्यायः श्रीभगवानुवाच / वायुभूतः क्षधाविष्टः कर्मजं देहमाश्रितः / ते देहं स समासाद्य यमेन सह गच्छति

Transliteration

vṛṣotsarganānādānaphalayamalokagamanakarmajadehaprāptinirūpaṇaṃ nāmāṣṭādaśo 'dhyāyaḥ śrībhagavānuvāca / vāyubhūtaḥ kṣadhāviṣṭaḥ karmajaṃ dehamāśritaḥ / te dehaṃ sa samāsādya yamena saha gacchati

Translation

Tuhan Yang Maha Mulia bersabda: Setelah menjadi seperti angin dan dikuasai kelaparan, si yang telah meninggal berlindung pada tubuh yang dibentuk oleh karma. Setelah memperoleh tubuh itu, dia berjalan bersama Yama (dan para utusannya) menuju alam Yama.

Word by Word
वृषोत्सर्गनानादानफलयमलोकगमनकर्मजदेहप्राप्तिनिरूपणम्the exposition of obtaining a body born of karma through going to Yama’s world, as the fruit of various gifts and the bull-release
वृषोत्सर्गनानादानफलयमलोकगमनकर्मजदेहप्राप्तिनिरूपणम्:
Vishaya (Topic/विषय)
TypeNoun
Rootवृषोत्सर्ग + नाना + दान + फल + यमलोक + गमन + कर्मज + देह + प्राप्ति + निरूपण (प्रातिपदिकसमूह)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; बहुपद-समास (Neuter, Nom./Acc., Sg.; multi-member determinative compound)
नामnamed
नाम:
Sambandha (Appositional marker/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; नाम-शब्दः (quotative/label marker: 'called')
अष्टादशःeighteenth
अष्टादशः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअष्टादश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; द्विगु-समास (Masculine, Nom., Sg.; numeral compound)
अध्यायःchapter
अध्यायः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअध्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine, Nom., Sg.)
श्रीभगवान्the Blessed Lord
श्रीभगवान्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootश्री + भगवान् (प्रातिपदिकसमूह)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मधारय (Masculine, Nom., Sg.)
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√वच् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (परोक्षभूत), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन (Perfect, 3rd sg.)
वायुभूतःhaving become like air
वायुभूतः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootवायु + भूत (कृदन्त; √भू + क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; 'वायुरूपेण भूतः' (Masculine, Nom., Sg.; 'having become air-like')
क्षधाविष्टःafflicted by hunger
क्षधाविष्टः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षधा + आविष्ट (कृदन्त; आ-√विश् + क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; 'क्षधया आविष्टः' (Masculine, Nom., Sg.; possessed by hunger)
कर्मजम्born of karma
कर्मजम्:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootकर्म + ज (प्रातिपदिकसमूह)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; 'कर्मणः जातम्' (Neuter, Acc., Sg.)
देहम्body
देहम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootदेह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine, Acc., Sg.)
आश्रितःhaving taken refuge in / having assumed
आश्रितः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootआ-√श्रि (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (Masculine, Nom., Sg.; past participle)
तेthey
ते:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम; प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Masculine, Nom., Pl.; pronoun)
देहम्the body
देहम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootदेह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (Masculine, Acc., Sg.)
सःhe
सः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम; प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (Masculine, Nom., Sg.; pronoun)
समासाद्यhaving reached
समासाद्य:
Kriya-visheshaṇa (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-√सद् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (Gerund/Absolutive); 'having reached/approached'
यमेनwith Yama
यमेन:
Sahakari (Instrument/साधन)
TypeNoun
Rootयम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine, Instr., Sg.)
सहtogether with
सह:
Sahartha (Comitative/सहार्थ)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; सहार्थक (indeclinable; 'together with')
गच्छतिgoes
गच्छति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√गम् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार, परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन (Present, 3rd sg.)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (Śrī Bhagavān), instructing Garuda (Vinata-putra)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Yamaloka Journey

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: After death the jīva assumes a karma-formed body and is carried toward Yama’s domain to face the consequences of deeds.

Vedantic Theme: Karma as causal determinant of upādhi and experience; saṃsāra driven by vāsanā/karma until knowledge or grace intervenes.

Application: Live with accountability: restrain harmful acts, cultivate merit, and remember death to prioritize dharma, charity, and devotion.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Geographic Context

Type: path/realm-transition

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa: preta-body formation, yamadūta escort, yama-mārga descriptions (adjacent chapters)

Characters & Entities
Y
Yama

FAQs

This verse states that after death the being ‘takes refuge’ in a body shaped by past karma, which enables experience and movement on the path to Yama’s realm.

It describes the departed as subtle and wind-like, afflicted by hunger, then obtaining a karma-produced body and going under Yama’s authority/escort toward Yamaloka.

Live with awareness that actions shape future experience (karma), and support dharmic conduct and appropriate śrāddha/charity traditions that address the departed’s vulnerable condition.

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