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Shloka 39

Preta-mārga Supports (Dāna), Chitragupta’s Accounting, and the Enumeration of Narakas

Devanagari script

दिवसैर्दशभिर्जातं तं देहं दशपिण्डजम् / जामदग्न्यस्येव रामं दृष्ट्वा तेजः प्रसर्पति

Transliteration

divasairdaśabhirjātaṃ taṃ dehaṃ daśapiṇḍajam / jāmadagnyasyeva rāmaṃ dṛṣṭvā tejaḥ prasarpati

Translation

Tubuh itu, yang lahir dalam sepuluh hari dan terbentuk daripada sepuluh persembahan piṇḍa, mula memancarkan serta menyebarkan sinarnya—seperti kemilau Rāma, putera Jamadagni, yang meluap ketika dipandang.

Word by Word
दिवसैःby (means of) days; in days
दिवसैः:
Karana (Measure/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootदिवस (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; कालपरिमाण
दशभिःby ten
दशभिः:
Karana (Measure/करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootदशन् (संख्याप्रातिपदिक)
Formत्रिलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण (दिवसैः)
जातम्born, produced
जातम्:
Karma (Object qualifier/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootजन् (धातु) + क्त → जात (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (देहम्)
तम्that
तम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; निर्देश्य (देहम्)
देहम्body
देहम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootदेह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
दश-पिण्ड-जम्born of ten piṇḍas (funeral offerings)
दश-पिण्ड-जम्:
Karma (Object qualifier/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootदशन् (संख्या) + पिण्ड (प्रातिपदिक) + ज (जन् धातु + ड; तद्धित/कृदन्त)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (देहम्)
जामदग्न्यस्यof Jāmadagnya (Paraśurāma)
जामदग्न्यस्य:
Sambandha (Genitive/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootजामदग्न्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन
इवlike, as
इव:
Sambandha (Comparison/उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
Formउपमानवाचक अव्यय (comparative particle)
रामम्Rāma
रामम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootराम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Purvakala (Prior action/पूर्वकाल)
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (धातु) + त्वा (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive)
तेजःsplendor, energy
तेजः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतेजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
प्रसर्पतिspreads, expands
प्रसर्पति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-सर् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Pretayoni

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Ekoddishta

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Daśāha (first ten days after death)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Offerings (piṇḍa) contribute to the preta’s post-mortem embodiment; ritual action has formative effects on the subtle journey.

Vedantic Theme: Subtle-body (liṅga/ sūkṣma) conditioning through karma and saṃskāra; ritual as a causal adjunct within vyavahāra.

Application: Observe the ten-day rites with care; understand them as supportive acts for the departed’s stabilization and onward movement.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: ten-day (daśāha) rites and the preta’s acquisition of a body through piṇḍas; Garuda Purana: piṇḍa mapping to limbs (common śrāddha explanatory motif)

Characters & Entities
G
Garuda
P
Preta
P
Paraśurāma (Jāmadagnya Rāma)
P
Piṇḍa (funeral offering)

FAQs

This verse states that within ten days a distinct post-death body is formed from the ten piṇḍa offerings, enabling the departed to gain strength and radiance for the onward journey.

It indicates that the departed is not merely a disembodied entity; a functional preta-body develops through prescribed rites, and as it forms, its tejas (vital-spiritual potency) expands, preparing the being for further afterlife transitions.

Perform post-death rites with care—especially the ten-day offerings—seeing them as supportive acts for the departed’s transition, and as a reminder to live with dharma so one’s journey after death is less obstructed.

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