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Shloka 25

An Exposition of the Distinctions of Creation, Inert Matter, and the Lord

Devanagari script

ये विजानन्ति ते सर्वे विशन्ति ह्यधरं तमः / रजस्तमोगुणौ वीन्द्र इतराभ्यां विमिश्रितौ

Transliteration

ye vijānanti te sarve viśanti hyadharaṃ tamaḥ / rajastamoguṇau vīndra itarābhyāṃ vimiśritau

Translation

Semua yang memahami hal ini akan memasuki kegelapan yang lebih rendah. Wahai Vīndra (Garuḍa), sifat rajas dan tamas itu saling bercampur dengan yang lain; ia tidak berdiri sebagai yang murni tersendiri.

Word by Word
येthose who
ये:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1 विभक्ति), बहुवचन (pronoun: masc nom pl)
विजानन्तिknow, understand
विजानन्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवि + ज्ञा (धातु)
Formलट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद (3rd pl pres)
तेthey
ते:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1 विभक्ति), बहुवचन (pronoun: masc nom pl)
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1 विभक्ति), बहुवचन; विशेषण (masc nom pl)
विशन्तिenter
विशन्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootविश् (धातु)
Formलट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद (3rd pl pres)
हिindeed
हि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चयार्थक-अव्यय (indeed/for)
अधरम्lower
अधरम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootअधर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2 विभक्ति), एकवचन; विशेषण (neuter acc sg: lower)
तमःdarkness (tamas)
तमः:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2 विभक्ति), एकवचन (neuter acc sg)
रजस्तमोगुणौthe rajas- and tamas-qualities
रजस्तमोगुणौ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootरजस् + तमस् + गुण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formइतरेतर-द्वन्द्व: रजोगुणः च तमोगुणः; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1 विभक्ति), द्विवचन (nom du)
वीन्द्रO Indra (O king)
वीन्द्र:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootवि + इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8 विभक्ति), एकवचन (vocative sg)
इतराभ्याम्by the other two
इतराभ्याम्:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootइतर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग-प्रयोगे, तृतीया (3 विभक्ति), द्विवचन (instr du: by the other two)
विमिश्रितौare mixed
विमिश्रितौ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootवि + मिश्र् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1 विभक्ति), द्विवचन; विशेषण (masc nom du: mixed)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Rajas and tamas do not remain pure; they intermix and pull consciousness toward ‘lower darkness’—a descent into delusion/inertia—highlighting the karmic-psychological consequence of guṇa entanglement.

Vedantic Theme: Bondage through guṇas; necessity of viveka to avoid tamasic descent; movement toward guṇātīta (beyond guṇas) as the ultimate aim.

Application: Notice how agitation (rajas) often collapses into dullness (tamas); interrupt the cycle with sattvic anchors—breath regulation, truthful speech, disciplined action, and devotional remembrance.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 3.4.22-24 (guṇa distinctions and gradations)

Characters & Entities
G
Garuda (Vīndra)

FAQs

This verse warns that dominance of rajas and tamas (passion and ignorance) drives one toward “lower darkness,” emphasizing the need to cultivate clarity and sattva for a higher spiritual outcome.

By linking inner qualities (guṇas) with descent into “adharaṃ tamaḥ,” it implies that the soul’s post-death trajectory is shaped by mental and ethical conditioning, not merely external actions.

Reduce tamas (laziness, intoxication, cruelty) and uncontrolled rajas (restlessness, greed) through disciplined living, truthful conduct, service, and steady spiritual practice to support clearer judgment and better karma.

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