Shloka 1

Bhadrā and Mitravindā: The Fruits of Namaskāra, Pradakṣiṇā, Hari-nāma, and Śravaṇa of Bhāgavata Kathā

ऽध्यायः श्रीकृष्ण उवाच / या पूर्वसर्गे नलसंज्ञस्य वीन्द्र पुत्री भूत्वा विष्णुपत्नी सकामा / प्रदक्षिणं भ्रमणं वै चकार गुणेन भद्रा भद्रसंज्ञा बभूव

'dhyāyaḥ śrīkṛṣṇa uvāca / yā pūrvasarge nalasaṃjñasya vīndra putrī bhūtvā viṣṇupatnī sakāmā / pradakṣiṇaṃ bhramaṇaṃ vai cakāra guṇena bhadrā bhadrasaṃjñā babhūva

Śrī Kṛṣṇa bersabda: Dalam ciptaan terdahulu, dia pernah menjadi puteri kepada seorang raja bernama Nala; kemudian, sebagai isteri Viṣṇu, walaupun masih memiliki keinginan, dia benar-benar melakukan pradakṣiṇa—berpusing mengelilingi dengan penuh hormat. Dengan kebajikannya, dia menjadi membawa berkat dan dikenali dengan nama Bhadrā, Yang Auspisius.

adhyāyaḥchapter
adhyāyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootadhyāya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); chapter-heading marker
śrī-kṛṣṇaḥŚrī Kṛṣṇa
śrī-kṛṣṇaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśrī + kṛṣṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); honorific कर्मधारय
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (वच् धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
she who
:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (यद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); relative pronoun
pūrva-sargein the previous creation
pūrva-sarge:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootpūrva + sarga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); सप्तमी-तत्पुरुष: 'in the former creation'
nala-saṃjñasyaof (him) named Nala
nala-saṃjñasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeAdjective
Rootnala + saṃjñā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन); बहुव्रीहि-भावार्थक तत्पुरुष: 'of (one) named Nala'
vīndraO king of birds (Garuda)
vīndra:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootvīndra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)
putrīdaughter
putrī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootputrī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
bhūtvāhaving become
bhūtvā:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhū (भू धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा), 'having become'
viṣṇu-patnīViṣṇu's wife
viṣṇu-patnī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootviṣṇu + patnī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: 'wife of Viṣṇu'
sa-kāmādesirous/with a wish
sa-kāmā:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsa + kāma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); बहुव्रीहि: 'having desire'
pradakṣiṇamcircumambulation (clockwise)
pradakṣiṇam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpradakṣiṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
bhramaṇamcircling/going around
bhramaṇam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootbhramaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
vaiindeed
vai:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (निश्चयार्थक)
cakāradid/performed
cakāra:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootkṛ (कृ धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
guṇenaby virtue/quality
guṇena:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootguṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)
bhadrāBhadrā
bhadrā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbhadrā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
bhadrā-saṃjñānamed Bhadrā
bhadrā-saṃjñā:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootbhadrā + saṃjñā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुष: 'having the name Bhadrā'
babhūvabecame
babhūva:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhū (भू धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

Śrī Kṛṣṇa

Concept: Even when desire persists (sakāmā), devotional acts like pradakṣiṇā, performed with virtue (guṇa), transmute the practitioner toward auspiciousness and elevated identity.

Vedantic Theme: Bhakti as śuddhi-upāya (means of purification) leading from kāma-mixed devotion to sattva and eventual inner peace; karma-yoga flavor in ritualized reverence.

Application: Adopt simple devotional disciplines (circumambulation, respectful remembrance) consistently; do not wait for perfect purity—begin practice and let it refine motives.

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhakti

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 3.20.2 (Nala observes Bhadrā’s discipline and asks its fruit)

Ś
Śrī Kṛṣṇa
V
Viṣṇu
N
Nala
B
Bhadrā

FAQs

This verse presents pradakṣiṇa as a devotional act that generates puṇya (merit) and transforms one’s spiritual standing, leading to auspiciousness (bhadra) through virtue (guṇa).

It links a concrete ritual action—reverential circumambulation—with an inner result: merit and the attainment of an auspicious state/name, showing how karma performed with devotion shapes one’s condition across cycles of creation.

Perform simple acts of reverence—like pradakṣiṇa in a temple or around a sacred symbol—with sincere intent, cultivating good qualities (guṇa) so that daily actions steadily build merit and character.