Shloka 101

Jñāna-hetu-nirūpaṇa

On the Causes/Means of Knowledge

Devanagari script

तत्रावेशाच्च विज्ञेयं देवानां नात्र संशयः / तस्माच्छतगुर्णैहीनश्चित्तमानसुरो महान्

Transliteration

tatrāveśācca vijñeyaṃ devānāṃ nātra saṃśayaḥ / tasmācchatagurṇaihīnaścittamānasuro mahān

Translation

Daripada hakikat mereka memasuki (ke dalamnya), hendaklah difahami bahawa mereka itu para Deva—tiada keraguan. Oleh itu, sesiapa yang kehilangan seratus kebajikan, pada minda dan hati ialah seorang Asura besar.

Word by Word

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative setting)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (indeclinable), देशवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (locative adverb)

• आवेशात्: from (that) possession/entry
• आवेशात्: अपादान (Apādāna/Source)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आवेश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), पञ्चमी विभक्ति (Ablative/5th), एकवचन (singular)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Conjunctive)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• विज्ञेयम्: is to be known
• विज्ञेयम्: कर्म (Karma/Object complement)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-ज्ञा (धातु) + यत् प्रत्यय (कृदन्त)
• Form: कृदन्त (gerundive/भाव्य), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया विभक्ति (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; अर्थः—"ज्ञातव्यम्" (to be known)

• देवानाम्: of the gods
• देवानाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), षष्ठी विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन (plural)

• न: not
• न: निषेध (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक अव्यय (negation particle)

• अत्र: here
• अत्र: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative setting)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (indeclinable), देशवाचक (locative adverb)

• संशयः: doubt
• संशयः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संशय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (singular)

• तस्मात्: therefore/from that
• तस्मात्: अपादान (Apādāna/Source)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम (pronoun), पुं/नपुंसक (m/n), पञ्चमी विभक्ति (Ablative/5th), एकवचन; अर्थः—"from that/therefore"

• शतगुणैः: by/with hundredfold (measures/qualities)
• शतगुणैः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत + गुण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष समास (determinative): शत-गुण (hundredfold qualities); पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), बहुवचन

• हीनः: devoid (of)
• हीनः: विशेषण (Adjectival predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हीन (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त-भाव)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन; अर्थः—"वर्जितः/रहितः" (devoid of)

• चित्तमानसुरः: the citta-mānasura (mind-being)
• चित्तमानसुरः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चित्त + मानसुर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष समास: चित्त-मानसुर (mind-related mānasura); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन

• महान्: great
• महान्: विशेषण (Adjective of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifier)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Daiva/asura identity is determined by inner qualities (virtues) and the nature of one’s entry/participation; deficiency of virtues makes one asuric in mind.

Vedantic Theme: Daiva–āsura sampad (virtue vs vice) as inner markers; antahkaraṇa-śuddhi as prerequisite for higher realization.

Application: Audit one’s conduct against a virtue-set (truthfulness, compassion, restraint, purity); cultivate sattva through daily discipline.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 3.12.102 (further gradation via subtle-body identification)

Characters & Entities

• Devas
• Asuras

FAQs

What is the importance of virtues in the Garuda Purana?

This verse frames “Deva” identity as recognizable through inner qualities; lacking the core set of virtues makes one Asura-like in mind and heart, regardless of outward status.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

By emphasizing the mind-heart (citta, mānasa, uraḥ) as the decisive factor, it implies that the soul’s trajectory is shaped by inner character—divine qualities elevate, while vice-driven nature pulls one toward darker states.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Cultivate measurable virtues—truthfulness, compassion, self-control, and purity of intention—so the mind and heart align with “Deva” tendencies rather than destructive, Asura-like habits.