Shloka 39

Means to Liberation: Supremacy of Hari, Proper Salutations, and Purāṇic Authority

उपक्रमैरुपसंहारस्य लिङ्गैर्हरिं गुरुं ह्यन्तरेणैव यान्ति / तानेवाहुः सत्पुराणानि विप्राः कलौ युगे नाभ्यसूयन्ति सर्वे

upakramairupasaṃhārasya liṅgairhariṃ guruṃ hyantareṇaiva yānti / tānevāhuḥ satpurāṇāni viprāḥ kalau yuge nābhyasūyanti sarve

Kitab-kitab yang, melalui pernyataan pembukaan, bahagian penutup, dan tanda-tanda penentu, membawa seseorang semata-mata kepada Hari—Guru Yang Tertinggi—itulah yang disebut oleh brāhmaṇa yang berilmu sebagai Purāṇa yang sejati. Dan pada zaman Kali, bukan semua orang mencela kitab-kitab itu.

upakramaiḥby the introductory sections
upakramaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण/Means)
TypeNoun
Rootupakrama (उपक्रम प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
upasaṃhārasyaof the conclusion
upasaṃhārasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootupasaṃhāra (उपसंहार प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
liṅgaiḥby the indicators/signs
liṅgaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण/Means)
TypeNoun
Rootliṅga (लिङ्ग प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन
harimHari
harim:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Roothari (हरि प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
gurumthe teacher
gurum:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootguru (गुरु प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चयार्थक-अव्यय
antareṇawithout
antareṇa:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/without-marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootantareṇa (अव्यय)
Formउपपद-अव्यय (prepositional indeclinable) अर्थः 'विना/without'
evaonly/indeed
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-अव्यय
yāntithey go/arrive
yānti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootyā (या धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद
tānthose (texts)
tān:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Roottad (तद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन
evaonly
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-अव्यय
āhuḥthey call/say
āhuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootah (अह् धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन, परस्मैपद; अर्थः 'they say/call'
sat-purāṇānitrue Purāṇas
sat-purāṇāni:
Karma (कर्म/Predicate complement)
TypeNoun
Rootsat (सत् प्रातिपदिक) + purāṇa (पुराण प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचन; कर्मधारयः: 'sat purāṇāni' (good/true purāṇas)
viprāḥbrāhmaṇas
viprāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvipra (विप्र प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
kalauin Kali (age)
kalau:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Time)
TypeNoun
Rootkali (कलि प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
yugein the age
yuge:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Time)
TypeNoun
Rootyuga (युग प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
abhyasūyantithey censure
abhyasūyanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootabhi-asūy (असूय् धातु)
Formलट्, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद; अर्थः 'to censure/envy'
sarveall
sarve:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsarva (सर्व प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda)

Concept: True Purāṇas are those whose beginning, end, and defining marks lead exclusively to Hari, the supreme Guru; in Kali-yuga, not everyone refrains from disparaging them.

Vedantic Theme: Śāstra-pramāṇa and teleology: the highest text is that which culminates in Hari; discernment (viveka) amid Kali-yuga confusion.

Application: Evaluate teachings by their telos: do they consistently culminate in devotion/realization of Hari? Avoid cynical disparagement; cultivate respectful scriptural study.

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Type: textual/interpretive domain (śāstra-vicāra)

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 3.1.37-3.1.38 (Vaiṣṇava exclusivity; Hari as sole focus)

H
Hari
G
Guru
V
Vipras
K
Kali Yuga

FAQs

This verse says a text’s beginning and conclusion (along with its identifying indicators) should consistently point to Hari; that coherence is presented as a key test for a “true Purāṇa.”

A satpurāṇa is described as one whose structural markers—opening, closing, and defining signs—lead exclusively toward Hari as the supreme Guru, as affirmed by learned vipras.

When studying or choosing teachings, check whether the overall message is consistent from start to finish and whether it leads to ethical living and devotion centered on the highest principle (here, Hari).