Shloka 22

Śrāddha Vidhi: Kāla (Timing), Pātra (Recipient), and Karma (Procedure) for Pitṛ-tarpaṇa and Piṇḍa

Devanagari script

तदन्नं विकिरेद्भूमौ दद्याच्चापः सकृत्सकृत् / सर्वमन्नमुपादाय सतिलं दक्षिणामुखः

Transliteration

tadannaṃ vikiredbhūmau dadyāccāpaḥ sakṛtsakṛt / sarvamannamupādāya satilaṃ dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ

Translation

Hendaklah dia menaburkan makanan itu ke atas tanah dan mempersembahkan air berulang-ulang. Kemudian, dengan menghimpun semua makanan bersama biji wijen, dia hendaklah menghadap ke selatan untuk melakukan persembahan.

Word by Word

• tad: that
• tad: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (here qualifying annaṃ)

• annaṃ: food
• annaṃ: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन

• vikiret: should scatter
• vikiret: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi√kir (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• bhūmau: on the ground
• bhūmau: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhūmi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), एकवचन

• dadyāt: should give
• dadyāt: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dā (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• āpaḥ: water
• āpaḥ: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ap (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), बहुवचन (pluralia tantum)

• sakṛt: once
• sakṛt: Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sakṛt (अव्यय)
• Form: काल/आवृत्तिबोधक-अव्यय (adverb)

• sakṛt: again/once more
• sakṛt: Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sakṛt (अव्यय)
• Form: काल/आवृत्तिबोधक-अव्यय (adverb)

• sarvam: all
• sarvam: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (qualifying annam)

• annam: food
• annam: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन

• upādāya: having taken
• upādāya: Purvakala-kriya (Prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: upa-ā-√dā (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (Absolutive/Gerund), अव्ययभाव (indeclinable verbal)

• satilam: with sesame
• satilam: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa-tila (प्रातिपदिक; sa + tila)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (qualifying annam)

• dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ: facing south
• dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dakṣiṇā + mukha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन; दिशि-तत्पुरुषः (dakṣiṇāyāṃ mukhaṃ yasya)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinatā-putra)

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Parvana

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: During śrāddha sequence before/around piṇḍa and tarpaṇa steps (as prescribed)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Śrāddha is performed through precise acts (anna-vikīraṇa, repeated udaka-dāna, tila-sahita offering) with correct orientation to honor Pitṛs.

Vedantic Theme: Kartavya-karma and ṛṇa-traya (especially pitṛ-ṛṇa) as a purifier of antaḥkaraṇa supporting higher pursuits.

Application: During ancestral rites, keep offerings simple and exact: scatter the designated food, offer water repeatedly, include sesame, and face south while making the offering.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Geographic Context

Type: ritual-space (gṛha/śrāddha-sthāna)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa/Śrāddha-prakaraṇa: standard sequence of anna, udaka, tila, dakṣiṇāmukhatva (adjacent verses 1.99.23–26)

FAQs

What is the importance of offering water repeatedly in Garuda Purana rites?

This verse emphasizes repeated udaka-dāna (water offering) as a key act of ritual support and sanctification during Pitṛ-related offerings.

Why should one face south (dakṣiṇāmukha) during these offerings?

Facing south is traditionally associated with the Pitṛ direction; the verse instructs dakṣiṇāmukha orientation to align the rite with ancestral (Pitṛ) intent.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

When performing śrāddha or memorial offerings, maintain ritual mindfulness: offer water respectfully, include tila where prescribed, and follow direction/orientation rules as part of disciplined dharma.