Shloka 13

Upanayana Timing, Brahmacarya Rules, Ācamana & Sandhyā Observance

Devanagari script

ततो ऽभिवादयेद्वृद्वानसावहमिति ब्रुवन् / गुरुं चैवाप्युपासीत स्वाध्यायार्थं समाहितः

Transliteration

tato 'bhivādayedvṛdvānasāvahamiti bruvan / guruṃ caivāpyupāsīta svādhyāyārthaṃ samāhitaḥ

Translation

Kemudian, dengan rendah hati, hendaklah memberi salam hormat (abhivādana) sambil berkata, “Inilah aku.” Dan hendaklah juga berkhidmat kepada guru dengan tumpuan, demi svādhyāya, pengajian suci.

Word by Word

• ततः: then
• ततः: Kriya-visheshana (Sequence/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रमवाचक (thereafter)

• अभिवादयेत्: should salute/greet
• अभिवादयेत्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि + वद् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• वृद्धवान्: as an elder/respectfully
• वृद्धवान्: Karta (Subject-qualifier/कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वृद्धवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्तृविशेषण (implicit ‘he’)

• असौ: that (person)
• असौ: Sambodhana/Pratipadya (Deictic in quote)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अदस् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; उद्धरणवाक्ये

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: Sambodhana/Pratipadya (1st person in quote)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; उद्धरणवाक्ये

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (Quotation marker/उद्धरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उद्धरण-चिह्न (quotative)

• ब्रुवन्: saying
• ब्रुवन्: Karta (Agent in attendant action/कर्ता)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ब्रू (धातु)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्यय (वर्तमान कृदन्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्रियासहचर

• गुरुम्: the teacher
• गुरुम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (Emphasis particle/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारण (emphasis/only)

• अपि: also
• अपि: Sambandha (Discourse particle/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (also)

• उपासीत: should attend upon/serve
• उपासीत: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप + आस् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• स्वाध्याय-अर्थम्: for the purpose of self-study
• स्वाध्याय-अर्थम्: Prayojana (Purpose/प्रयोजन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वाध्याय (प्रातिपदिक) + अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (प्रयोजन/उद्देश्य), एकवचन; प्रयोजनार्थे

• समाहितः: composed/attentive
• समाहितः: Karta (Subject-qualifier/कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम् + आ + धा (धातु) → समाहित (कृदन्त; क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्तृविशेषण

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra, within dharma-ācāra guidance)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: After rites, offer respectful salutations and attend upon the guru with collected mind for svadhyaya.

Vedantic Theme: Guru-bhakti and shraddha as prerequisites for vidya; humility dissolves ahankara, enabling reception of śāstra.

Application: Approach teachers with reverence; maintain attentive presence; prioritize disciplined study after daily purification rites.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

Geographic Context

Type: ashrama/gurukula space

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.94.14 (recitation on invitation; reporting; acting for guru’s welfare)

FAQs

What is the importance of guru-sevā (service to the teacher) in the Garuda Purana?

This verse presents guru-sevā as a prerequisite for svādhyāya—study bears fruit when approached with humility, salutations, and attentive service to the teacher.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

Indirectly, it frames right conduct (ācāra)—humility, discipline, and scriptural study—as the foundation that purifies one’s karma and supports spiritual progress.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Maintain respectful etiquette toward teachers/elders, study sacred or ethical texts with regularity, and cultivate a focused, composed mind while learning.