Shloka 14

Śālagrāma–Sudarśana-Vyūha Nirūpaṇa, Tīrtha-Saṅgraha, Samvatsara-Nāma, and Mantra-Rakṣā

Devanagari script

दुन्दुभी रुधिरोद्गारी रक्ताक्षः क्रोधनो ऽक्षयः / अशोभनाः शोभनाश्च नाम्नैवैते हि वत्सराः

Transliteration

dundubhī rudhirodgārī raktākṣaḥ krodhano 'kṣayaḥ / aśobhanāḥ śobhanāśca nāmnaivaite hi vatsarāḥ

Translation

Dundubhī, Rudhirodgārī, Raktākṣa, Krodhana dan Akṣaya—sesungguhnya inilah nama-nama tahun; dan menurut namanya sendiri ia disebut tidak mujur atau mujur.

Word by Word

• दुन्दुभी: Dundubhi (name)
• दुन्दुभी: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुन्दुभि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नाम

• रुधिरोद्गारी: Rudhirodgārin (blood-spewing; name)
• रुधिरोद्गारी: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रुधिर + उद्गारिन् (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (रुधिरस्य उद्गारः यस्य)

• रक्ताक्षः: Raktākṣa (red-eyed; name)
• रक्ताक्षः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रक्त + अक्ष (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारय (रक्तम् अक्षि यस्य/रक्ताक्षः)

• क्रोधनः: Krodhana (name)
• क्रोधनः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रोधन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नाम

• अक्षयः: Akṣaya (name)
• अक्षयः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अक्षय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नाम

• अशोभनाः: inauspicious
• अशोभनाः: Visheshana (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अशोभन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण (vatsarāḥ इति)

• शोभनाः: auspicious
• शोभनाः: Visheshana (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शोभन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण (vatsarāḥ इति)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-निपात (conjunction)

• नाम्ना: by name
• नाम्ना: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नामन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; ‘नाम्ना’ = नामेन

• एव: indeed/only
• एव: Sambandha (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-निपात (emphatic/only)

• एते: these
• एते: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• हि: indeed/for
• हि: Sambandha (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (explanatory particle)

• वत्सराः: years
• वत्सराः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वत्सर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (addressing Garuda)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Kāla bears qualitative valence (śubha/aśubha) that conditions outcomes of actions and rites.

Vedantic Theme: Guṇa-conditioned experience within time; prudence in action under changing kāla.

Application: Assess the year-name and its implied śubha/aśubha tone when choosing times for major undertakings; increase propitiatory practices in ‘aśubha’ periods.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.66.13 (saṃvatsara names); Garuda Purana 1.66.15-17 (method for determining time quality via vowels/diagram)

FAQs

What is the importance of year-names (vatsaras) in the Garuda Purana?

This verse indicates that specific years are classified as auspicious or inauspicious based on their traditional names, reflecting dharmic calendrical evaluation.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

It does not directly describe the soul’s journey; instead, it frames dharmic life through time—suggesting that rites and actions are also considered in relation to auspicious/inauspicious temporal designations.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use traditional calendrical guidance to plan major saṃskāras and religious observances, while maintaining ethical conduct as the primary dharmic foundation.