Shloka 20

Jambūdvīpa Orientation: Meru-Centered Varṣas, Dvīpas, Kulaparvatas, Rivers, and Janapadas

Devanagari script

त्रिगर्तनीलकोलात (भ) ब्रह्मपुत्राः सटङ्कणाः / अभीषाहाः सकाश्मीरा उदक्पर्वेण कीर्तिताः

Transliteration

trigartanīlakolāta (bha) brahmaputrāḥ saṭaṅkaṇāḥ / abhīṣāhāḥ sakāśmīrā udakparveṇa kīrtitāḥ

Translation

Kaum yang dikenal sebagai Trigarta, Nīla, Kolāta, Brahmaputra, Saṭaṅkaṇa, Abhīṣāha—bersama orang Kāśmīra—disebut sebagai milik wilayah pergunungan utara.

Word by Word

• त्रिगर्तनीलकोलातभाः: Trigartas, Nīlas, Kolātabhas (tribes)
• त्रिगर्तनीलकोलातभाः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रिगर्त + नील + कोलातभ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; बहुपद-द्वन्द्वः (जनपदानां समाहारः)

• ब्रह्मपुत्राः: Brahmaputras
• ब्रह्मपुत्राः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मपुत्र (प्रातिपदिक) = ब्रह्म + पुत्र
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (ब्रह्मणः पुत्राः)

• सटङ्कणाः: Saṭaṅkaṇas
• सटङ्कणाः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सटङ्कण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन

• अभीषाहाः: Abhīṣāhas
• अभीषाहाः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अभीषाह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन

• सकाश्मीरा: together with the Kāśmīras
• सकाश्मीरा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कश्मीर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; उपसर्गसदृश 'स-' (सहितार्थ) युक्तः

• उदक्पर्वेण: in/with the northern mountain region
• उदक्पर्वेण: Adhikarana (Region/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उदक्पर्व (प्रातिपदिक) = उदक् + पर्व
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (उदक्-दिशि पर्व)

• कीर्तिताः: are mentioned/are said
• कीर्तिताः: Karta (Predicate adjective/कर्ता-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कीर्त् (धातु) → कीर्तित (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि (past passive participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (narrating to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Topographic ordering—mountains as a boundary category for human settlements in Purāṇic geography.

Vedantic Theme: Empirical diversity (bheda) within an underlying unity; knowledge begins with correct naming and placement (saṃjñā).

Application: Supports reading of epic/purāṇic narratives that reference these regions; aids traditional students in memorizing directional geography.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: parvata-pradeśa (mountain region) janapada list

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.55.17–20 (western/northwestern/northern mountain lists)

Characters & Entities

• Trigarta
• Nīla
• Kolāta
• Brahmaputra
• Saṭaṅkaṇa
• Abhīṣāha
• Kāśmīra

FAQs

What is the importance of northern regions (udak-parva) in the Garuda Purana?

This verse classifies specific peoples as belonging to the northern mountainous tract, supporting the Purana’s broader sacred-geographical mapping used to frame dharma, pilgrimage, and regional descriptions.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

It does not directly discuss the soul’s post-death journey; instead, it contributes to the text’s cosmographical and geographical cataloging, which elsewhere contextualizes ritual life and sacred space.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use it as a reference point for studying Purāṇic sacred geography—helpful for understanding how traditional texts organize regions and communities around dharmic and pilgrimage-oriented worldviews.