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Shloka 54

Brahma-vidyā through Yoga: Restraint, Pranava Japa, and Samādhi leading to Mokṣa

Devanagari script

साङ्ख्यज्ञानेन योगेन वेदान्तश्रवणेन च / प्रत्यक्षतात्मनो या हि सा मुक्तिरभिधीयते / अनात्मन्यात्मरूपत्वमसतः सत्स्वरूपता

Transliteration

sāṅkhyajñānena yogena vedāntaśravaṇena ca / pratyakṣatātmano yā hi sā muktirabhidhīyate / anātmanyātmarūpatvamasataḥ satsvarūpatā

Translation

Melalui pengetahuan pembezaan Sāṅkhya, melalui Yoga, dan melalui mendengar Vedānta, kesedaran langsung akan Ātman itulah yang dinamakan pembebasan. Pembebasan ialah lenyapnya sangkaan “keakuan” pada yang bukan-diri, serta terhentinya kekeliruan yang menganggap yang tidak nyata memiliki sifat Yang Nyata.

Word by Word
साङ्ख्यज्ञानेनby Sāṅkhya knowledge
साङ्ख्यज्ञानेन:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootसाङ्ख्य + ज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन — ‘by Sāṅkhya-knowledge’
योगेनby yoga
योगेन:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootयोग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन
वेदान्तश्रवणेनby hearing Vedānta
वेदान्तश्रवणेन:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootवेदान्त + श्रवण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन — ‘by hearing of Vedānta’
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
प्रत्यक्षताdirect realization
प्रत्यक्षता:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रत्यक्षता (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन — ‘direct realization/manifestness’
आत्मनःof the Self
आत्मनः:
Sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन — ‘of the Self’
याwhich
या:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन — relative pronoun ‘which’
हिindeed
हि:
Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (emphatic particle)
साthat
सा:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन — ‘that’
मुक्तिःliberation
मुक्तिः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमुक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन
अभिधीयतेis called
अभिधीयते:
Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअभि + धा (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोग (Passive voice) — ‘is called/ is stated’
अनात्मनिin the non-self
अनात्मनि:
Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootअनात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन — ‘in the non-self’
आत्मरूपत्वम्taking the non-self as Self
आत्मरूपत्वम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन् + रूपत्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन — ‘the state of being the form of Self’
असतःof the unreal
असतः:
Sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootअसत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन — ‘of the unreal’
सत्स्वरूपता(and) making it appear as real
सत्स्वरूपता:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसत् + स्वरूपता (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन — ‘true nature as real’
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (teaching Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Moksha is aparoksha-atma-sakshatkara; it is the removal of adhyasa—mistaking non-Self as Self and unreal as Real.

Vedantic Theme: Adhyasa-nivritti; sat-asat-viveka; liberation as knowledge (jnana) rather than production of a new state.

Application: Practice viveka (Self/non-Self discrimination), listen to Vedanta with reflection, and apply meditative assimilation; notice and drop identifications with body-mind roles.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.235.53 (Brahman-Atman unity; inner disciplines); Garuda Purana 1.236.2 (bondage destroyed by bodha; karma-kshaya); Garuda Purana 1.236.3 (sad-vichara; jnana-vairagya)

Characters & Entities
S
Sāṅkhya
Y
Yoga
V
Vedānta
Ā
Ātman
A
Anātman

FAQs

This verse defines moksha as direct realization of the Self, achieved through discriminative knowledge (Sāṅkhya), yogic discipline, and Vedāntic listening—showing liberation as inner awakening rather than a mere post-death outcome.

It frames the soul’s release as knowledge-based: when confusion between Self and non-Self ends, bondage ends. The journey culminates not in a place, but in clear recognition of the Ātman as immediately known.

Study authentic Vedānta, practice meditation and self-discipline, and cultivate daily discrimination between the changing body-mind and the witnessing Self—reducing fear, attachment, and ethical confusion.

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