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Shloka 17

Saṃsāra-cakra, Preta’s 12-day Transit to Yama, Re-embodiment, and Karma-Vipāka Catalog of Sins and Rebirths

Devanagari script

असूयकश्च नरकान्मुक्तो भवति राक्षसः / विश्वासहर्ता च नरो मीनयोनौ प्रजायते

Transliteration

asūyakaśca narakānmukto bhavati rākṣasaḥ / viśvāsahartā ca naro mīnayonau prajāyate

Translation

Orang yang dengki dan berniat jahat, walau dilepaskan dari neraka, akan lahir sebagai rākṣasa (makhluk ganas). Dan lelaki yang merampas kepercayaan orang lain akan lahir dalam rahim ikan, menjadi makhluk air.

Word by Word
असूयकःenvious person
असूयकः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअसूयक (प्रातिपदिक; असूया + क)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Nominative singular
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक अव्यय
नरकात्from hell
नरकात्:
Apadana (Source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootनरक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Ablative singular
मुक्तःfreed
मुक्तः:
Karta (Subject-qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Root√मुच् (धातु) → मुक्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; freed
भवतिbecomes
भवति:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√भू (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
राक्षसःdemon
राक्षसः:
Karta (Subject complement/कर्ता-समानााधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootराक्षस (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; predicate nominative
विश्वासहर्ताbetrayer (stealer of trust)
विश्वासहर्ता:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootविश्वास (प्रातिपदिक) + हर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक; √हृ + तृ)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (विश्वासस्य हर्ता), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; 'stealer of trust'
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक अव्यय
नरःman
नरः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootनर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Nominative singular
मीनयोनौin the womb/species of fish
मीनयोनौ:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootमीन (प्रातिपदिक) + योनि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (मीनस्य योनि), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Locative singular
प्रजायतेis born
प्रजायते:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र√जन् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार, आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; Present middle 3rd sg
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (teaching Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Naraka

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Asūyā transforms character toward demonic disposition; betrayal of trust yields lower aquatic birth—karma shapes both psyche and species.

Vedantic Theme: Guṇa transformation: tamas and rajas dominate when envy and betrayal prevail; purification requires opposite virtues (maitrī, satya).

Application: Practice appreciative joy (muditā) and friendship (maitrī); keep promises; repair trust through confession and restitution.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: raudra

Geographic Context

Type: cosmic justice realm and subsequent yoni

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa: asūyā and viśvāsa-haraṇa listed among sins with yoni outcomes (contextual series in 1.225)

Characters & Entities
N
Naraka
R
Rakshasas
M
Mina-yoni

FAQs

This verse treats envy as a serious moral failing with lasting karmic momentum: even after naraka is exhausted, the person’s next embodiment can be degraded into a rākṣasa-like birth, implying a mind shaped by hostility and cruelty.

It shows a two-stage consequence: naraka is not the end-point—after experiencing hellish results, the residue of a sin can still determine the next yoni (species/realm) of birth, such as rākṣasa or mīna-yoni.

Avoid habitual fault-finding and jealousy, and treat others’ confidence as sacred—do not exploit trust. Ethical speech, loyalty, and goodwill are presented as protections against severe post-death and rebirth consequences.

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