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Shloka 13

Saṃsāra-cakra, Preta’s 12-day Transit to Yama, Re-embodiment, and Karma-Vipāka Catalog of Sins and Rebirths

Devanagari script

नरकात्प्रतिमुक्तस्तु कृमिर्भवति याचकः / उपाध्यायव्यलीकं तु कृत्वा श्वा भवति द्विज

Transliteration

narakātpratimuktastu kṛmirbhavati yācakaḥ / upādhyāyavyalīkaṃ tu kṛtvā śvā bhavati dvija

Translation

Setelah dilepaskan dari neraka, si pengemis itu menjadi ulat. Dan seorang dwija (brahmana) yang menipu atau berbuat salah terhadap upādhyāya, gurunya, akan lahir sebagai anjing.

Word by Word
नरकात्from hell
नरकात्:
Apadana (Source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootनरक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (अपादान), एकवचन; Ablative singular (from hell)
प्रतिमुक्तःreleased, freed
प्रतिमुक्तः:
Karta (Subject-qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रति√मुच् (धातु) → प्रतिमुक्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Past passive participle: 'released'
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), विरोध/अन्वयार्थे; emphatic/contrastive particle
कृमिःworm
कृमिः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकृमि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Nominative singular
भवतिbecomes
भवति:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√भू (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; Present indicative 3rd sg
याचकःbeggar
याचकः:
Karta (Subject complement/कर्ता-समानााधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootयाचक (प्रातिपदिक; √याच् + ण्वुल्)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Nominative singular (apposition)
उपाध्यायव्यलीकम्deceit/falsehood toward the teacher
उपाध्यायव्यलीकम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootउपाध्याय (प्रातिपदिक) + व्यलीक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (उपाध्यायस्य व्यलीकम्), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Accusative singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle)
कृत्वाhaving done
कृत्वा:
Kriya (पूर्वक्रिया/पूर्वकर्म)
TypeIndeclinable
Root√कृ (धातु) → कृत्वा (क्त्वान्त)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (absolutive/gerund); having done
श्वाdog
श्वा:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootश्वन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; irregular stem श्वन् → श्वा (Nom. sg.)
भवतिbecomes
भवति:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√भू (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
द्विजO twice-born (brahmin)
द्विज:
Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Vocative singular
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vainateya)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Naraka

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Specific adharma yields specific post-hell rebirth (yoni) as karmic residue; guru-droha is especially degrading.

Vedantic Theme: Karma-bandha and saṃskāra-vāsanā shaping embodiment; ethical purity as prerequisite for higher pursuits.

Application: Maintain integrity toward one’s teacher; avoid deceit and exploitation; cultivate gratitude and discipline in learning relationships.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: bibhatsa

Geographic Context

Type: cosmic moral realm leading to animal/low birth

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa: yoni-bhramana lists of sins and rebirths (adjacent verses in 1.225); Garuda Purana on guru-apacāra as mahāpātaka-like offense (elsewhere in dharma sections)

Characters & Entities
N
Naraka
U
Upadhyaya
D
Dvija

FAQs

This verse treats wrongdoing toward one’s upādhyāya as a grave moral breach that leads to a degrading rebirth (as a dog), emphasizing reverence, honesty, and fidelity in the teacher–student relationship.

It indicates that punishment in Naraka is not the end: after release, the jīva may still take lower births according to residual karma—here, wormhood for a beggar’s karmic condition and doghood for deceit toward one’s teacher.

Practice integrity in learning and mentorship: avoid exploiting teachers, misrepresenting knowledge, or engaging in deceit; cultivate honest livelihood and compassionate conduct to reduce harmful karmic outcomes.

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