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Shloka 40

Prāyaścitta for Food-Contact, Social Contact, Aśauca Periods, and Formal Penance Systems

Devanagari script

सततं वैश्वदेवा दि न तेषां सूतकं भवेत् / अशुद्धे च गृहे भुक्ते त्रिरात्राच्छुध्यति द्विजः

Transliteration

satataṃ vaiśvadevā di na teṣāṃ sūtakaṃ bhavet / aśuddhe ca gṛhe bhukte trirātrācchudhyati dvijaḥ

Translation

Bagi mereka yang sentiasa melaksanakan Vaiśvadeva dan upacara harian seumpamanya, tidak timbul sūtaka. Walaupun seorang dwija makan di rumah yang tidak suci, dia menjadi suci kembali selepas tiga malam.

Word by Word
सततम्constantly/always
सततम्:
Visheshana (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसतत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभावेन क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial accusative)
वैश्वदेव-आदि(rites) like Vaiśvadeva etc.
वैश्वदेव-आदि:
Vishaya (Topic)
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्वदेव (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; समाहारार्थे (vaiśvadeva etc. rites)
नnot
न:
Pratishedha (Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-निपात
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम
सूतकम्(ritual) impurity period
सूतकम्:
Karta/Pradhana (Predicate)
TypeNoun
Rootसूतक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विधेय-नाम
भवेत्should be / would occur
भवेत्:
Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√भू (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
अशुद्धेin an impure
अशुद्धे:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअशुद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; विशेषण (to गृहे)
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
गृहेin the house
गृहे:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootगृह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन
भुक्तेwhen (food) has been eaten
भुक्ते:
Adhikarana (Locative absolute)
TypeAdjective
Rootभुक्त (कृदन्त; √भुज् (धातु), क्त)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; सति-सप्तमी (when food has been eaten)
त्रि-रात्रात्after three nights
त्रि-रात्रात्:
Apadana (Ablative/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootत्रि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + रात्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th), एकवचन; द्विगु-समासः (त्रयः रात्राः)
शुध्यतिbecomes purified
शुध्यति:
Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√शुध्/शुच् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
द्विजःthe twice-born
द्विजः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Regular performance of Vaiśvadeva and daily duties mitigates/negates sūtaka; if one eats in an impure house, purification occurs after three nights.

Vedantic Theme: Karma-yoga at the household level: constancy in nitya-karma sustains inner and outer order; time and tapas (restraint) restore eligibility.

Application: Keep daily nitya-karmas consistent; if exposed to impurity through food/social contact, follow the prescribed śuddhi period (here, three nights) before resuming restricted rites.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

Geographic Context

Type: domestic ritual space

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.222 (nitya-karma and śuddhi durations)

Characters & Entities
V
Vishnu
G
Garuda
V
Vaiśvadeva
D
Dvija

FAQs

This verse states that consistent performance of Vaiśvadeva and allied daily rites safeguards one from the onset of sūtaka, emphasizing daily dharmic discipline as a purifier.

It addresses sūtaka directly by giving an exception: those steady in prescribed daily offerings are said not to be afflicted by sūtaka, indicating graded rules based on ritual observance.

Maintain regular daily worship/offerings and be mindful of purity norms; if exposed to impurity (e.g., eating in an unclean setting), observe a period of restraint and purification consistent with one’s tradition.

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