Shloka 10

Ācāra-Nirṇaya: Varṇa-Āśrama Dharma, Śauca, Snāna, Sandhyā, Japa, Tarpaṇa, and Gṛhastha-Dinacaryā

Devanagari script

इज्याध्ययनदानानि यथाशास्त्रं सनातनः / ब्रह्मक्षत्त्रियवैश्यानां सामान्यो धर्म उच्यते

Transliteration

ijyādhyayanadānāni yathāśāstraṃ sanātanaḥ / brahmakṣattriyavaiśyānāṃ sāmānyo dharma ucyate

Translation

Ijyā (pemujaan yajña), pengajian kitab suci, dan pemberian dana—dilaksanakan menurut śāstra—dinyatakan sebagai Dharma yang kekal dan umum bagi Brahmana, Kshatriya, dan Vaishya.

Word by Word

• इज्याध्ययनदानानि: worship, study, and giving
• इज्याध्ययनदानानि: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इज्या (प्रातिपदिक) + अध्ययन (प्रातिपदिक) + दान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः—‘इज्या च अध्ययनं च दानं च’

• यथा-शास्त्रम्: according to the scriptures
• यथा-शास्त्रम्: Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय) + शास्त्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समास; अव्ययवत् प्रयोगः

• सनातनः: eternal
• सनातनः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सनातन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण—‘धर्मः’ इत्यस्य

• ब्रह्मक्षत्त्रियवैश्यानाम्: of Brahmins, Kṣatriyas, and Vaiśyas
• ब्रह्मक्षत्त्रियवैश्यानाम्: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्म (प्रातिपदिक) + क्षत्त्रिय (प्रातिपदिक) + वैश्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः—‘ब्रह्मणां क्षत्त्रियाणां वैश्यानां च’

• सामान्यः: common (shared)
• सामान्यः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सामान्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण—‘धर्मः’ इत्यस्य

• धर्मः: dharma/duty
• धर्मः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• उच्यते: is said/called
• उच्यते: Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda/Vainateya)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Ījyā (worship/ritual), adhyayana (study), and dāna (charity), performed according to śāstra, are the eternal common dharma for the three twice-born varṇas.

Vedantic Theme: Karma-yoga orientation: regulated action (śāstra-niyata karma) as purifier; dharma as sustaining social and inner order.

Application: Maintain a triad: regular worship (as per one’s tradition), disciplined learning, and consistent giving—ensuring practices are aligned with authentic guidance rather than whim.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: varṇāśrama duties reiterated in dharma sections; dāna and svādhyāya praised repeatedly

Characters & Entities

• Brahmins
• Kshatriyas
• Vaishyas

FAQs

What is the importance of ijyā, adhyayana, and dāna in the Garuda Purana?

This verse frames worship/rites, sacred study, and charity as the shared foundation of dharma for the three twice-born varnas, to be practiced strictly in line with śāstra.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul in Garuda Purana terms?

By emphasizing śāstra-based duty—ritual worship, disciplined learning, and giving—it points to the merit-forming conduct that supports auspicious post-death outcomes discussed elsewhere in the text.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Keep a regular practice of worship (as appropriate), continual learning of dharmic teachings, and consistent charity—guided by authentic scriptural and ethical standards.