Shloka 20

Nāmāṣṭottara-dviśata: Gaṇa–Chandas–Yati Catalogue and Mnemonic Coding

Devanagari script

जभौ सजौ गो रुचिरा चतुर्भिश्च ग्रहैर्यतिः / मत्तमयूरं मतयाः सगौ देवग्रहैर्यतिः

Transliteration

jabhau sajau go rucirā caturbhiśca grahairyatiḥ / mattamayūraṃ matayāḥ sagau devagrahairyatiḥ

Translation

«Jabhau» dan «Sajau», bersama «Go» dan «Rucirā», dikatakan sebagai penanda suku kata; dengan empat pengaruh planet, “yati” (jeda/irama) ditentukan. Demikian juga «Mattamayūra» dan «Matayāḥ», bersama «Sagau», dinyatakan sebagai “yati” apabila planet-planet bersifat dewa (benefik).

Word by Word

• जभौ: (the gaṇa) jabhau
• जभौ: Visheshya (Label/संज्ञा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जभौ (प्रातिपदिक; छन्दोगण-संज्ञा)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), द्विवचन; छन्दः-गणनाम (prosodic gaṇa-name)

• सजौ: (the gaṇa) sajau
• सजौ: Visheshya (Label/संज्ञा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सजौ (प्रातिपदिक; छन्दोगण-संज्ञा)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), द्विवचन; छन्दः-गणनाम

• गो: go (a gaṇa-name)
• गो: Visheshya (Label/संज्ञा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; (here as gaṇa-name in prosody)

• रुचिरा: beautiful, pleasing
• रुचिरा: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रुचिर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifier)

• चतुर्भिः: with four
• चतुर्भिः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चतुर् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन; संख्याविशेषण

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• ग्रहैः: by/with planets (grahas)
• ग्रहैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्रह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन

• यतिः: yati (metrical pause)
• यतिः: Visheshya (Predicate label/संज्ञा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; छन्दः-परिभाषा (prosodic term: caesura/pause)

• मत्तमयूरम्: the ‘mattamayūra’ (a metre-name / intoxicated peacock)
• मत्तमयूरम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मत्त-मयूर (प्रातिपदिक; मत्त + मयूर)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; कर्मधारय-समास (descriptive: 'intoxicated peacock')

• मतयाः: matis (opinions/minds)
• मतयाः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन

• सगौ: (the gaṇa) sagau
• सगौ: Visheshya (Label/संज्ञा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सगौ (प्रातिपदिक; छन्दोगण-संज्ञा)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), द्विवचन; छन्दः-गणनाम

• देवग्रहैः: with divine planets
• देवग्रहैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव-ग्रह (प्रातिपदिक; देव + ग्रह)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive determinative: 'of the gods' → 'divine planets')

• यतिः: yati (metrical pause)
• यतिः: Visheshya (Predicate label/संज्ञा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; छन्दः-परिभाषा

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Systematic knowledge of prosody/phonetic indicators (gaṇa-yati) correlated with graha-bheda (planetary classes) to determine a regulated cadence.

Vedantic Theme: Vidya as a disciplined means (sādhana) for order and clarity; śabda as a structured vehicle of meaning.

Application: Use the listed gaṇa-indicators to identify/construct yati; when applying a ‘divine/benefic graha’ condition, select the specified yati set accordingly in recitation/composition.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.209 (prosody/gaṇa-yati section; adjacent verses 1.209.21-24)

Characters & Entities

• Grahas (planets)
• Yati (ascetic/indicator)

FAQs

What is the importance of planetary (graha) indicators in this Garuda Purana verse?

This verse lists technical syllabic markers and states that the ‘yati’ classification is determined through specific combinations and planetary influences, highlighting a traditional method of interpreting character or spiritual disposition via grahas.

How does this verse relate to Garuda Purana themes like karma and destiny?

By linking results (“yati” determination) to graha conditions—especially benefic (devagraha) influences—it frames destiny and temperament as outcomes shaped by cosmic factors, often read alongside karma-based causality in Purana discourse.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use it as a reminder to cultivate yama-niyama-like discipline (yati qualities) and to treat astrological readings as prompts for ethical self-improvement rather than fatalism.