Shloka 44

Paramparā (Transmission), Rudra’s Viṣṇu-Dhyāna, and the Garuḍa Purāṇa’s Origin-Impulse

Devanagari script

ज्ञाता श्रोता तथा मन्ता वक्ता वक्तव्यमेव च / सर्वः सर्वात्मको देवो भुक्तिमुक्तिकरः परः

Transliteration

jñātā śrotā tathā mantā vaktā vaktavyameva ca / sarvaḥ sarvātmako devo bhuktimuktikaraḥ paraḥ

Translation

Dia ialah Yang Mengetahui, Yang Mendengar dan Yang Berfikir; Dia ialah Yang Berkata-kata dan juga apa yang patut dikatakan. Dewa Yang Tertinggi itu ialah segala-galanya dan Diri bagi segala-galanya, Yang Melampaui, yang mengurniakan kenikmatan duniawi serta pembebasan (moksha).

Word by Word

• ज्ञाता: knower
• ज्ञाता: Predicate nominative (समानााधिकरण/विधेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्ञा (धातु) → ज्ञातृ (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कृदन्तः—तृच् (agent noun), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

• श्रोता: hearer
• श्रोता: Predicate nominative (समानााधिकरण/विधेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्रु (धातु) → श्रोतृ (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कृदन्तः—तृच्, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Discourse adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb), समुच्चय/तुल्यत्वबोधक (likewise)

• मन्ता: thinker
• मन्ता: Predicate nominative (समानााधिकरण/विधेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मन् (धातु) → मन्तृ (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कृदन्तः—तृच्, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• वक्ता: speaker
• वक्ता: Predicate nominative (समानााधिकरण/विधेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वच् (धातु) → वक्तृ (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कृदन्तः—तृच्, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• वक्तव्यम्: that which is to be spoken
• वक्तव्यम्: Predicate nominative (समानााधिकरण/विधेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वच् (धातु) → वक्तव्य (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कृदन्तः—तव्यत् (gerundive/obligatory), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular)

• एव: indeed
• एव: Emphasis (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक अव्यय (emphasis)

• च: and
• च: Connector (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• सर्वः: the all (one), everything
• सर्वः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

• सर्वात्मकः: whose essence is all; all-souled
• सर्वात्मकः: Predicate adjective (समानााधिकरण/विधेय-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक) + क (प्रत्यय)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); समासः—बहुव्रीहिः (यस्यान्तः सर्व आत्मा/स्वरूपं सः = whose nature is all)

• देवः: God
• देवः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

• भुक्तिमुक्तिकरः: giver of enjoyment and liberation
• भुक्तिमुक्तिकरः: Predicate adjective (समानााधिकरण/विधेय-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भुक्ति (प्रातिपदिक) + मुक्ति (प्रातिपदिक) + कर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); समासः—तत्पुरुषः (भुक्तिं मुक्तिं च करोति/ददाति इति)

• परः: supreme
• परः: Predicate adjective (समानााधिकरण/विधेय-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: The supreme is the subject and object of cognition and speech; realization of sarvātmakatva leads to liberation, while also sustaining worldly fulfillment.

Vedantic Theme: Atman-Brahman identity and sarva-vyapakatva; the seer/seen non-duality (drashta-drishya aikya) as culmination.

Application: Practice self-inquiry: observe knower/knowing/known as one field; dedicate speech and listening as sacred; balance artha/kama with dharma aiming toward moksha.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: moksha and Vishnu-bhakti teachings that promise both worldly welfare and liberation (common Purana motif)

Characters & Entities

• Deva (Supreme Lord)

FAQs

What is the importance of bhukti and mukti in the Garuda Purana?

This verse frames the Supreme Lord as the giver of both bhukti (rightful worldly wellbeing) and mukti (final liberation), showing that dharmic life and spiritual release are ultimately grounded in devotion to and knowledge of Him.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

By identifying the Lord as the inner knower and the Self of all, it implies that liberation is attained when the soul recognizes and aligns with that all-pervading Divine reality rather than remaining confined to outward identities.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Treat learning, speech, and listening as sacred—practice truthful, dharmic speech and contemplative hearing, and dedicate actions to the Supreme, seeking prosperity ethically while keeping liberation as the highest goal.