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Shloka 19

Cikitsā-sāra: Doṣa Nidāna–Lakṣaṇa, Agni, Ajīrṇa/Āma Cikitsā, Daśamūla, and Prognostic Signs

Devanagari script

कट्वम्ललवणाः पित्तं स्वादूष्णलवणाः कफम् / एत एव विपर्यस्ताः शमायैषां प्रयोजिताः / भवन्ति रोगिणां शान्त्यै स्वस्थाने सुखहेतवः

Transliteration

kaṭvamlalavaṇāḥ pittaṃ svādūṣṇalavaṇāḥ kapham / eta eva viparyastāḥ śamāyaiṣāṃ prayojitāḥ / bhavanti rogiṇāṃ śāntyai svasthāne sukhahetavaḥ

Translation

Rasa pedas, masam dan masin memburukkan pitta; rasa manis, panas dan masin memburukkan kapha. Namun rasa-rasa yang sama, apabila digunakan secara berlawanan sebagai penyeimbang, dipakai untuk menenangkannya—memberi kelegaan kepada yang sakit, dan bagi yang sihat, apabila berada pada tempat dan kadar yang wajar, menjadi sebab keselesaan.

Word by Word
कटुpungent
कटु:
Karta (part of compound subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootकटु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (रस-नाम), प्रथमा, एकवचन
अम्लsour
अम्ल:
Karta (part of compound subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootअम्ल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (रस-नाम), प्रथमा, एकवचन
लवणाःsalty (tastes)
लवणाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootलवण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; (tastes)
पित्तम्pitta
पित्तम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपित्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
स्वादुsweet
स्वादु:
Karta (part of compound subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वादु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (रस-नाम), प्रथमा, एकवचन
उष्णhot/warming
उष्ण:
Karta (part of compound subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootउष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (गुण/रस-सम्बद्ध), प्रथमा, एकवचन
लवणाःsalty (tastes)
लवणाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootलवण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
कफम्kapha
कफम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकफ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
एतेthese
एते:
Karta (Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun)
एवindeed/only
एव:
Sambandha (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधारणार्थक-निपात (emphatic particle)
विपर्यस्ताःreversed/opposite
विपर्यस्ताः:
Viśeṣaṇa
TypeAdjective
Rootवि + परि + √अस्/√स्था (धातु) → विपर्यस्त (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle)
शमायfor pacification
शमाय:
Sampradāna (Purpose/Recipient)
TypeNoun
Rootशम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/Dative), एकवचन
एषाम्of these (doṣas)
एषाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (Genitive), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम
प्रयोजिताःapplied/used
प्रयोजिताः:
Viśeṣaṇa
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र + √युज् (धातु) [णिच्/प्रेरणार्थ] → प्रयोजित (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; कर्मणि/भावे (used/applied)
भवन्तिbecome/are
भवन्ति:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Root√भू (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
रोगिणाम्of patients
रोगिणाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootरोगिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन
शान्त्यैfor relief/peace
शान्त्यै:
Sampradāna (Purpose)
TypeNoun
Rootशान्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी, एकवचन
स्वस्थानेin their proper place/normal state
स्वस्थाने:
Adhikaraṇa (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootस्वस्थान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन
सुखहेतवःcauses of comfort
सुखहेतवः:
Karta/Predicative
TypeNoun
Rootसुख (प्रातिपदिक) + हेतु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: सुखस्य हेतवः)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Medical Ayurveda

Dosha: Vata/Pitta/Kapha

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Viparīta-prayoga (counterbalancing): rasas that aggravate a doṣa can, in opposite deployment/context, become śamana; health is equilibrium in ‘proper place’ (svasthāna).

Vedantic Theme: Madhyamā-mārga (balance) and yuktī (skillful means): right application transforms effects; harmony as a form of sattvic order.

Application: Use rasa-based diet therapy: avoid pitta-aggravating kaṭu/amla/lavaṇa in pitta flare; avoid kapha-aggravating madhura/uṣṇa/lavaṇa in kapha flare; employ opposite rasas to restore balance.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.168: continuation of rasa-guṇa and doṣa śamana/vṛddhi principles

Characters & Entities
P
Pitta
K
Kapha

FAQs

The verse states that pungent (kaṭu), sour (amla), and salty (lavaṇa) tastes aggravate Pitta.

It says the same tastes can be used “viparyasta”—in an opposite/counter-balancing way—to pacify disturbed doṣas and calm disease.

Use taste-based moderation: avoid the tastes that aggravate your dominant imbalance, and apply opposing tastes thoughtfully as part of diet and lifestyle.

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