Shloka 1

Visarpa Nidāna-Lakṣaṇa

Causes, Types, and Prognosis of Rapidly Spreading Eruptive Disorders

Devanagari script

नाम द्विषष्ट्यधिकशततमो ऽध्यायः धन्वन्तीररुवाच / विसर्पादिनिदानन्ते वक्ष्ये सुश्रुत तच्छृणु / स्याद्विसर्पो विघातात्तु दोषैर्दुष्टैश्च शोथवत्

Transliteration

nāma dviṣaṣṭyadhikaśatatamo 'dhyāyaḥ dhanvantīraruvāca / visarpādinidānante vakṣye suśruta tacchṛṇu / syādvisarpo vighātāttu doṣairduṣṭaiśca śothavat

Translation

Dhanvantari bersabda: “Sekarang, wahai Suśruta, dengarlah ketika aku menerangkan sebab dan tanda-tanda visarpa serta gangguan yang berkaitan. Visarpa timbul daripada kecederaan atau gangguan; apabila doṣa menjadi rosak, ia menimbulkan keadaan seperti bengkak.”

Word by Word

• नाम: namely/indeed
• नाम: Sambandha (Discourse marker/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नाम (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात/अव्यय (particle; ‘indeed/namely’)

• द्विषष्ट्यधिकशततमः: one hundred and sixty-second (lit. 100th + 62 more)
• द्विषष्ट्यधिकशततमः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वि-षष्टि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + अधिक (प्रातिपदिक) + शततम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; संख्या-समास/तत्पुरुषः (‘शततमः’ विशेष्यः; ‘द्विषष्ट्यधिक’ = 62 अधिक)

• अध्यायः: chapter
• अध्यायः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• धन्वन्तरिः: Dhanvantari
• धन्वन्तरिः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धन्वन्तरि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• विसर्पादिनिदानान्ते: at the end of the section on causes of visarpa etc.
• विसर्पादिनिदानान्ते: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विसर्प (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक) + निदान (प्रातिपदिक) + अन्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समासः (‘विसर्पादि’ + ‘निदान’ + ‘अन्त’)

• वक्ष्ये: I will explain
• वक्ष्ये: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (Simple Future), उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• सुश्रुत: O Suśruta
• सुश्रुत: Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुश्रुत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• शृणु: listen
• शृणु: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √श्रु (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• स्यात्: may be/occurs
• स्यात्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• विसर्पः: visarpa (spreading skin disease)
• विसर्पः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विसर्प (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• विघातात्: from injury/obstruction
• विघातात्: Apadana (Source/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विघात (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात/अव्यय (contrast/emphasis)

• दोषैः: by the doṣas
• दोषैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दोष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन

• दुष्टैः: vitiated
• दुष्टैः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुष्ट (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त-प्रायः from √दुष्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (दोषैः)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• शोथवत्: like swelling
• शोथवत्: Upamana (Comparison/उपमान)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शोथ (प्रातिपदिक) + वत् (तद्धित)
• Form: अव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः; तद्धितान्त (वत्) ‘शोथसदृश’—अव्ययभावेन (indeclinable-like adverbial)

Speaker

Dhanvantari

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Nidāna (causation) of visarpa: injury/disturbance plus doṣa vitiation producing swelling-like pathology.

Vedantic Theme: Causality (kārya-kāraṇa-bhāva) within the body; knowledge as a means to reduce suffering.

Application: Identify precipitating injury/disturbance and assess doṣa aggravation early; treat by removing causes and correcting doṣas before rapid spread.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.163.2-4 (seat, prognosis, spread mechanisms); Garuda Purana 1.162 (śotha framework referenced by comparison)

Characters & Entities

• Dhanvantari
• Sushruta

FAQs

What is the importance of visarpa nidāna in the Garuda Purana?

This verse frames a diagnostic (nidāna) teaching: understanding how doṣa-vitiation and injury lead to disease is presented as the basis for proper treatment.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

It does not discuss the soul’s journey; it belongs to the Purana’s Ayurvedic/medical instruction section, focusing on bodily pathology and causation.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Treat spreading inflammatory skin conditions as doṣa-aggravated disorders: seek timely care, reduce known aggravating factors, and avoid further trauma/irritants.