Shloka 8

Prameha-Nidāna-Lakṣaṇa-Bheda: Etiology, Signs, Varieties, and Complications of Meha

Devanagari script

कालेनोपेक्षितः सर्वोह्यायाति मधुमेहताम् / मधुरं यच्च मेहेषु प्रायो मध्विव मेहति

Transliteration

kālenopekṣitaḥ sarvohyāyāti madhumehatām / madhuraṃ yacca meheṣu prāyo madhviva mehati

Translation

Apabila dibiarkan tanpa rawatan dari masa ke masa, seseorang pasti sampai kepada keadaan yang dinamakan madhumeha. Dan air kencing yang dikeluarkannya lazimnya manis—seakan-akan ia membuang madu.

Word by Word

• कालेन: by time, over time
• कालेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• उपेक्षितः: neglected, left untreated
• उपेक्षितः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उप+ईक्ष् (धातु) → उपेक्षित (कृदन्त; क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; सर्वः-विशेषण (neglected)

• सर्वः: everyone/entire (case)
• सर्वः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• हि: indeed, for
• हि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle: indeed/for)

• आयाति: comes to, reaches
• आयाति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ+या (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• मधु-मेहताम्: the state of madhumeha (diabetes)
• मधु-मेहताम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मधु (प्रातिपदिक) + मेह (प्रातिपदिक) + ता (तद्धित/भावप्रत्यय)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; भाववाचक (state/condition)

• मधुरम्: sweet
• मधुरम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मधुर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; कर्म-विशेषण (qualifies implied मूत्रम्/मेह्यम्)

• यत्: that which
• यत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; सम्बन्धक (relative pronoun)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• मेहेषु: in (various) meha disorders
• मेहेषु: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मेह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), बहुवचन

• प्रायः: mostly, generally
• प्रायः: Kriya-visheshaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रायः (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रायशः-अव्यय (adverb: mostly/generally)

• मधु: honey
• मधु: Upamana (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मधु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; उपमान (standard of comparison)

• इव: like
• इव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमा-अव्यय (particle of comparison)

• मेहति: urinates/passes (urine)
• मेहति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: मिह् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Apramāda (non-negligence) toward health: untreated disorder progresses into madhumeha; hallmark is sweet urine.

Vedantic Theme: Pramāda as a cause of suffering in embodied life; mindful stewardship of the body as an instrument (implicit).

Application: Do not delay care; monitor for sweet urine as a key sign; adopt preventive discipline (diet, activity, medical consultation) before chronicity sets in.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.159.6-7 (mechanism and prognosis); Garuda Purana 1.159.9 (associated symptoms)

Characters & Entities

• Garuda
• Vishnu

FAQs

What is the importance of madhumeha in the Garuda Purana?

This verse treats madhumeha as a recognizable condition marked by sweet urine, showing that the Garuda Purana also preserves practical diagnostic observations alongside its spiritual teachings.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

Indirectly: by emphasizing timely care of the body, it supports dharmic living—maintaining health helps one perform duties, rites, and disciplined life that shape one’s karmic trajectory.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Do not ignore persistent symptoms; seek timely treatment and adopt disciplined habits—neglect over time worsens disease, as the verse highlights through the sign of sweet urine in madhumeha.