Shloka 58

Arśa-nidāna: Causes, Prodrome, Doṣa-types, and Complications of Hemorrhoids

Devanagari script

कीलोपमं स्थिरखरं चर्मकीलं च तद्विदुः / वातेन तोदः पारुष्यं पित्तादसितवक्त्रता

Transliteration

kīlopamaṃ sthirakharaṃ carmakīlaṃ ca tadviduḥ / vātena todaḥ pāruṣyaṃ pittādasitavaktratā

Translation

Mereka menggambarkannya seperti paku—tetap, keras dan kasar, seolah-olah ada cucuk yang tertanam pada kulit. Apabila vāta terganggu, timbul sakit menikam dan kekasaran; apabila pitta terganggu, wajah menjadi gelap kehitaman (perubahan warna).

Word by Word

• कीलोपमम्: like a peg/spike
• कीलोपमम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कील-उपम (प्रातिपदिक; उपमा-सम्बन्ध)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया/प्रथमा एकवचन; विशेषण (उपमान-तत्पुरुषः: कीलस्य उपमम् = कीलसदृशम्)

• स्थिरखरम्: firm and rough/hard
• स्थिरखरम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्थिर-खर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया/प्रथमा एकवचन; विशेषण (कर्मधारयः: स्थिरं च खरं च)

• चर्मकीलम्: a skin-peg (hard nodule in skin)
• चर्मकीलम्: Karma/Predicative complement (कर्म/विधेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चर्म-कील (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया/प्रथमा एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (चर्मणः कीलः)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• तत्: that (condition/feature)
• तत्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• विदुः: they know/consider
• विदुः: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: विद् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (परोक्षभूत/Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

• वातेन: by (the effect of) vāta
• वातेन: Karana/Hetu (Instrument/Cause/करण-हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वात (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया एकवचन (करण/हेतु)

• तोदः: pricking pain
• तोदः: Karta/Predicative feature (कर्ता/लक्षण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तोद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन

• पारुष्यं: roughness/harshness
• पारुष्यं: Karta/Predicative feature (कर्ता/लक्षण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पारुष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन

• पित्तात्: from (due to) pitta
• पित्तात्: Apadana/Hetu (Source/Cause/अपादान-हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पित्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी एकवचन (अपादान/हेतु)

• असितवक्त्रता: blackness of the mouth/face
• असितवक्त्रता: Karta/Predicative feature (कर्ता/लक्षण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: असित-वक्त्र-ता (प्रातिपदिक; तद्धितान्त)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (असितं वक्त्रं यस्य/यत्र) + ता (भाववाचक)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Medical Ayurveda

Dosha: Vata/Pitta

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Body as a field of doṣa imbalance; recognizing signs enables timely corrective action.

Vedantic Theme: Deha-anityatā (impermanence of the body) and the need for disciplined care as a support for dharma.

Application: Observe doṣa-specific symptoms (vāta pain/roughness; pitta dark discoloration) and seek appropriate balancing measures early.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bibhatsa

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.156 (Ayurveda/roga-nidāna context); Garuda Purana 1.157 (continuation of nidāna for digestive disorders)

Characters & Entities

• Vata
• Pitta

FAQs

What is the importance of describing vāta and pitta effects in the Garuda Purana?

This verse links specific kinds of suffering—stabbing pain, roughness, and dark facial discoloration—to humoral disturbance, reflecting how the Purana explains embodied misery as a consequence of karmic and physiological imbalance.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul in relation to bodily pain?

By detailing concrete symptoms, the text shows that karmic results are experienced through the body and subtle tendencies; suffering is not abstract but manifests as tangible affliction during embodied existence.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Cultivate disciplined living (diet, conduct, restraint) to reduce harm and imbalance; treat pain and discoloration seriously with ethical correction and appropriate care, seeing health as connected to dharma and actions.