Shloka 68

Vishnu-sahasranāma-style Japa: Vishnu as Cosmic Cause and Inner Self

Antaryāmin

Devanagari script

ईशात्मा(३९०)परमात्मा च रौद्रात्मा मोक्षविद्यतिः / यत्नवांश्च तथा यत्नश्चर्ंमो खड्गी मुरान्तकः

Transliteration

īśātmā(390)paramātmā ca raudrātmā mokṣavidyatiḥ / yatnavāṃśca tathā yatnaścarṃmo khaḍgī murāntakaḥ

Translation

Dia ialah Diri Ketuhanan dan juga Diri Tertinggi; bersifat garang laksana Rudra, serta mengetahui dan mengajarkan vidyā pembebasan (mokṣa). Dia berketekunan teguh dan Dia sendiri adalah Usaha; bersalut kulit/zirah, pemegang pedang, dan pembunuh Mura.

Word by Word

• ईशात्मा: one whose self is the Lord; Lord-souled
• ईशात्मा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईश-आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (ईशस्य आत्मा)

• परमात्मा: the Supreme Self
• परमात्मा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: परम-आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः (परमः आत्मा)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• रौद्रात्मा: one of fierce nature; wrathful-souled
• रौद्रात्मा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रौद्र-आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः (रौद्रः आत्मा)

• मोक्षविद्यतिः: (named) Mokṣa-vidyā-tithi; one connected with the knowledge of liberation
• मोक्षविद्यतिः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मोक्ष-विद्या-तिथि (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुषः (मोक्षस्य विद्यायाः तिथिः/आश्रयः इति नामरूपम्)

• यत्नवान्: effortful; diligent
• यत्नवान्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यत्नवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; गुणवाचक-विशेषण (possessed of effort)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• तथा: likewise; also
• तथा: Sambandha (Modifier/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: in that manner/also)

• यत्नः: effort
• यत्नः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यत्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• चर्मा: hide; skin; leather
• चर्मा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नपुंसक-प्रथमा एकवचनरूपम् (चर्म)

• खड्गी: sword-bearer
• खड्गी: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: खड्गिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; -इन् प्रत्ययान्त (one who has a sword)

• मुरान्तकः: slayer of Mura
• मुरान्तकः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुर-अन्तक (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (मुरस्य अन्तकः)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vainateya)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: The Supreme Self is both the revealer of moksha-vidya and the active protector who destroys obstructive forces (Mura).

Vedantic Theme: Paramatman as the inner ruler (antaryamin) and source of liberating knowledge; divine agency removes avidya’s obstacles.

Application: Invoke Vishnu as both teacher and protector; cultivate yathashakti prayatna (steadfast effort) while relying on the Lord’s grace to cut through inner enemies.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: vira

Secondary Rasa: raudra

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.15 (Vishnu-sahasranama-style epithets sequence)

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu
• Rudra (by epithet)
• Mura (as Murāntaka)

FAQs

What is the importance of mokṣa-vidyā (knowledge of liberation) in the Garuda Purana?

This verse highlights the Lord as mokṣa-vidyā-tiḥ—the one who embodies and reveals liberating knowledge—implying that liberation is attained through right understanding anchored in devotion to the Supreme Self.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

By identifying the Supreme as the inner Self (īśātmā, paramātmā) and emphasizing yatna (steadfast striving), it points to liberation through inner realization and disciplined effort rather than mere external identity or status.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Cultivate consistent spiritual effort (yatna)—regular study, remembrance of the Divine, and ethical living—while seeing the Supreme as the indwelling Self in all, which supports steadiness on a moksha-oriented path.