Shloka 10

Harivaṁśa-saṅkṣepa: Kṛṣṇa’s Avatāra Deeds, Dynastic Continuity, and Post-departure Succession

Devanagari script

नरको निहतो येन पारिजातं जहार यः / बलश्च शिसुपालश्च हतश्च द्विविदः कपिः

Transliteration

narako nihato yena pārijātaṃ jahāra yaḥ / balaśca śisupālaśca hataśca dvividaḥ kapiḥ

Translation

Dialah Tuhan Yang Maha Tinggi yang menewaskan Naraka dan membawa pulang pohon Pārijāta; yang membunuh Bala dan Śiśupāla, serta menumpaskan Dvivida si kera—Dialah yang dipuji.

Word by Word

• नरकः: Naraka (the demon)
• नरकः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नरक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• निहतः: was slain
• निहतः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (धातु) + निहत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (Past Passive Participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोगे कर्तृ-विशेषण

• येन: by whom
• येन: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• पारिजातम्: the Pārijāta tree
• पारिजातम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पारिजात (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• जहार: carried off
• जहार: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हृ (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• यः: who
• यः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• बलः: Bala (Balarāma)
• बलः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• शिशुपालः: Śiśupāla
• शिशुपालः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिशुपाल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• हतः: was slain
• हतः: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (धातु) + हत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (Past Passive Participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• द्विविदः: Dvivida
• द्विविदः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विविद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• कपिः: the monkey
• कपिः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कपि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; द्विविदस्य विशेषणम्

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue context with Garuda/Vinata-putra, praising the Lord’s deeds)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Smaraṇa of the Lord’s deeds (līlā-smṛti) as a mode of stuti that strengthens devotion and trust in divine protection.

Vedantic Theme: Īśvara as jagat-kāraṇa and dharma-saṃsthāpaka; the Supreme acting through avatāra for loka-saṅgraha.

Application: Use these epithets in daily nāma-smaraṇa/stotra; cultivate confidence that adharma is ultimately subdued by the Lord.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: vira

Secondary Rasa: raudra

Geographic Context

Type: mythic-cosmic locales

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.145.1 (earth’s burden removed through Kṛṣṇa’s agency—continuity of dharma-restoration theme)

Characters & Entities

• Naraka
• Parijata
• Bala
• Shishupala
• Dvivida

FAQs

What is the importance of praising Vishnu’s deeds in the Garuda Purana?

This verse functions as a devotional remembrance (stuti) of Vishnu’s dharma-protecting acts, reinforcing bhakti and trust in divine protection.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

Indirectly: by highlighting Vishnu’s supremacy and protection, it supports the Garuda Purana’s broader teaching that devotion and dharma-oriented life lead toward auspicious post-death outcomes.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use the verse for daily remembrance of dharma—cultivating humility, devotion, and ethical conduct by reflecting on the Lord’s role in removing adharma.