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Shloka 15

Kārtika Vrata, Bhīṣma-pañcaka, and Ekādaśī Timing

Tithi & Pāraṇa Rules

Devanagari script

द्वितीयां तृतीयामिश्रां तृतीयाञ्चाप्युपावसेत् / चतुर्थ्या सङ्गतां नित्यं चतुर्थोञ्चनया युताम् / पञ्चमींषष्ठ्यसंयुक्तां षष्ठ्या युक्ताञ्च सप्तमीम्

Transliteration

dvitīyāṃ tṛtīyāmiśrāṃ tṛtīyāñcāpyupāvaset / caturthyā saṅgatāṃ nityaṃ caturthoñcanayā yutām / pañcamīṃṣaṣṭhyasaṃyuktāṃ ṣaṣṭhyā yuktāñca saptamīm

Translation

Hendaklah seseorang berpuasa pada tithi kedua apabila bersambung dengan tithi ketiga, dan juga berpuasa pada tithi ketiga itu sendiri. Hendaklah sentiasa dipelihara tithi keempat apabila ia bersekutu dengan tithi ketiga, serta tithi keempat bersama amalan vrata hari keempat. Demikian juga, hendaklah dipelihara tithi kelima apabila bersambung dengan tithi keenam, dan tithi ketujuh apabila bersambung dengan tithi keenam.

Word by Word
द्वितीयाम्the second (tithi/day)
द्वितीयाम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootद्वितीया (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; तिथिनाम (f.)
तृतीयामिश्राम्mixed with the third
तृतीयामिश्राम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootतृतीया (प्रातिपदिक) + मिश्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तृतीयया मिश्रिता इति (determinative)
तृतीयाम्the third (tithi/day)
तृतीयाम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतृतीया (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तिथिनाम
चand
च:
Sambandha/Connector
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)
अपिalso
अपि:
Sambandha/Connector
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formसम्भावन/अपि-निपात (particle: also/even)
उपावसेत्should fast/observe (a fast)
उपावसेत्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootउप-√वस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
चतुर्थ्याwith/by the fourth (tithi)
चतुर्थ्या:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootचतुर्थी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन; साधन/सहकारक-भावे
सङ्गताम्joined/combined
सङ्गताम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-√गम् (धातु) → सङ्गत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘joined/associated’
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
Kriya-vishesana (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formक्रियाविशेषणरूपेण अव्ययीभाव (adverbial accusative)
चतुर्थोञ्चनयाwith the fourth (day’s) gleaning/handful-taking (uñcana)
चतुर्थोञ्चनया:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्थ (प्रातिपदिक) + उञ्चन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘चतुर्थेन उञ्चनया’ इति (determinative)
युताम्endowed with/combined with
युताम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootयुत (प्रातिपदिक; √युज्/√यु)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘endowed/connected’
पञ्चमीम्the fifth (tithi/day)
पञ्चमीम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपञ्चमी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तिथिनाम
षष्ठ्यसंयुक्ताम्not joined with the sixth
षष्ठ्यसंयुक्ताम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootषष्ठी (प्रातिपदिक) + असंयुक्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘षष्ठ्या असंयुक्ता’ इति (determinative)
षष्ठ्याwith/by the sixth (tithi)
षष्ठ्या:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootषष्ठी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
युक्ताम्joined/combined
युक्ताम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Root√युज् (धातु) → युक्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘joined’
चand
च:
Sambandha/Connector
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)
सप्तमीम्the seventh (tithi/day)
सप्तमीम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootसप्तमी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तिथिनाम
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinatā-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Dharma is upheld through correct observance of fasts aligned to tithi-conjunction rules.

Vedantic Theme: Karma-kāṇḍa as citta-śuddhi: disciplined action purifies and steadies the mind for higher aims.

Application: Use a pañcāṅga to identify tithi overlaps; plan fasting/vrata on specified conjunctions with consistency (nityam).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.124 (vrata-kathā continuation: Śivarātri context); Garuda Purana (vrata/kalpa sections on tithi-niyama and upavāsa)

FAQs

This verse highlights that upavāsa is not only date-based but depends on tithi conjunctions (overlaps), indicating that correct ritual timing is part of dharma and strengthens the intended religious observance.

In the Preta Kanda context, discipline like fasting and correct calendrical observance supports ritual purity and efficacy, which the text repeatedly treats as important in rites connected to the departed.

When observing vratas or family śrāddha-related disciplines, consult a pañcāṅga (Hindu almanac) for tithi overlaps rather than relying only on the civil date, and keep the observance consistent and sincere.

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