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Shloka 10

Kārtika Vrata, Bhīṣma-pañcaka, and Ekādaśī Timing

Tithi & Pāraṇa Rules

Devanagari script

गोमूत्रं च दधि क्षीरं पञ्चमे पञ्चगव्यकम् / नक्तं कुर्यात्पञ्चदश्यां व्रती स्याद्भुक्तिमुक्तिभाक्

Transliteration

gomūtraṃ ca dadhi kṣīraṃ pañcame pañcagavyakam / naktaṃ kuryātpañcadaśyāṃ vratī syādbhuktimuktibhāk

Translation

Hendaklah ia mengambil air kencing lembu, dadih dan susu; dan pada hari kelima mengambil pañcagavya. Dengan memegang vrata, pada tithi kelima belas hendaklah ia makan hanya pada waktu malam; demikianlah si pemegang nazar memperoleh kenikmatan duniawi dan juga moksha (pembebasan).

Word by Word
गोमूत्रम्cow-urine
गोमूत्रम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक) + मूत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd case), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (गोः मूत्रम्)
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)
दधिcurd, yogurt
दधि:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootदधि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
क्षीरम्milk
क्षीरम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootक्षीर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
पञ्चमेon the fifth (day)
पञ्चमे:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्चम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th case), एकवचन; विशेषणरूपेण (locative: 'on the fifth')
पञ्चगव्यकम्the fivefold cow-products (pañcagavya)
पञ्चगव्यकम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपञ्च (प्रातिपदिक) + गव्यक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; द्विगु-समासः (पञ्च गव्यकानि यस्मिन्/समूहः)
नक्तम्at night
नक्तम्:
Kriya-vishesana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनक्तम् (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: at night)
कुर्यात्should do/perform
कुर्यात्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष? actually तृतीयपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आदेश/विधानार्थे
पञ्चदश्याम्on the fifteenth (tithi)
पञ्चदश्याम्:
Adhikarana (Time/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootपञ्चदशी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th case), एकवचन; तिथिवाचक (on the fifteenth day)
व्रतीa vow-observer
व्रती:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootव्रतिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन
स्यात्would be/should become
स्यात्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, तृतीयपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन
भुक्तिमुक्तिभाक्a partaker of enjoyment and liberation
भुक्तिमुक्तिभाक्:
Karta-predicative (Predicate nominative/कर्तृसमाना)
TypeNoun
Rootभुक्ति (प्रातिपदिक) + मुक्ति (प्रातिपदिक) + भाज् (धातु) → भाक् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; भाक् = 'भागी' (agent-noun from √भाज्); भुक्ति-मुक्ति इति द्वन्द्वः (भुक्तिं च मुक्तिं च)
Speaker

Lord Viṣṇu (in instruction to Garuḍa/Vinatā-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Vrata with purity-observances (pancagavya) and regulated eating (naktabhojana) yields both worldly well-being and liberation.

Vedantic Theme: Sattva-shuddhi as a support for bhakti and jnana; karma (vrata) becomes a means when offered in a Vishnu-oriented frame.

Application: Undertake a regulated vow: maintain purity disciplines, take food only at night on the specified tithi, and keep the practice consistent with devotion and restraint.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana (Preta/Acara sections): vrata-phala passages praising Ekadashi and purity observances; Garuda Purana: shraddha/achara discussions where shauca and niyama are prerequisites for rites

FAQs

This verse presents pañcagavya as a purificatory observance within a vrata framework, used to support ritual cleanliness and spiritual merit leading toward higher results.

Rather than describing post-death stages, it teaches dharmic discipline—purification and regulated eating—as a means to accumulate merit that supports both prosperity (bhukti) and liberation (mukti).

It emphasizes disciplined restraint and ritual purity; in practice, one can adopt ethically grounded fasting/self-control on sacred days and keep observances aligned with one’s tradition and guidance.

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