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Shloka 72

Nīti-saṅgraha: Conduct, Association, Kali-yuga Decline, and the Supremacy of Vidyā

Devanagari script

ये पदस्थस्य मित्त्राणि ते तस्य रिपुतां गताः / भानोः पद्मे जले प्रीतिः स्थलोद्धरणशोषणः

Transliteration

ye padasthasya mittrāṇi te tasya riputāṃ gatāḥ / bhānoḥ padme jale prītiḥ sthaloddharaṇaśoṣaṇaḥ

Translation

Mereka yang menjadi sahabat ketika seseorang berada di kedudukan, kemudian berubah menjadi musuh. Seperti Surya bersuka pada teratai di air, namun apabila teratai diangkat ke tanah kering, dialah yang mengeringkannya.

Word by Word
येthose who
ये:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक (relative pronoun)
पदस्थस्यof one in position
पदस्थस्य:
Sambandha (Genitive relation/षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Rootपद (प्रातिपदिक) + स्थ (कृदन्त; स्था धातु, क)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (पदे स्थितस्य)
मित्राणिfriends
मित्राणि:
Karta-puraka (Predicate noun/कर्तृपूरक)
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचन
तेthey
ते:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; संकेत (correlative pronoun)
तस्यof him/that
तस्य:
Sambandha (Genitive relation/षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन
रिपुताम्enmity, the state of being an enemy
रिपुताम्:
Gati-karma (Goal as object/गति-कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootरिपुता (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case), एकवचन
गताःhave gone/turned (into)
गताः:
Kriya (Verbal predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु) + गत (कृदन्त; क्त)
Formभूतकृदन्त (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; कर्तरि-प्रयोग (having gone/turned)
भानोःof the sun
भानोः:
Sambandha (Genitive relation/षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootभानु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन
पद्मेin the lotus
पद्मे:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootपद्म (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
जलेin water
जले:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootजल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
प्रीतिःdelight, affection
प्रीतिः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रीति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
स्थलोद्धरणशोषणःuplifting to land and drying (i.e., drying by taking out)
स्थलोद्धरणशोषणः:
Karta-puraka (Predicate noun/कर्तृपूरक)
TypeNoun
Rootस्थल (प्रातिपदिक) + उद्धरण (कृदन्त; उद्-हृ धातु, ल्युट्) + शोषण (कृदन्त; शुष् धातु, ल्युट्)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; द्वन्द्व-समास (स्थलोद्धरणं च शोषणं च)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Worldly friendships often depend on position; when one loses ‘pada’ (status), the same associates may become adversaries.

Vedantic Theme: Anitya (impermanence) of saṃsāric relations; discernment between true well-wishers and transactional ties; refuge in the unchanging (Hari).

Application: Do not base identity on rank; cultivate character-based friendships; prepare for reversals with humility and savings of merit; deepen devotion and inner stability.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Geographic Context

Type: waterbody/shore

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana (general): teachings on anitya of wealth/relations and the need for dharma as true companion

Characters & Entities
B
Bhānu (Sun)
P
Padma (Lotus)

FAQs

This verse warns that friendships based on status are unstable; it encourages discernment and detachment so one relies on dharma rather than social power.

By highlighting the unreliability of worldly ties, it points the seeker toward inner merit (dharma/karma) as the true support beyond changing circumstances.

Choose integrity over influence, test friendships by virtue (not advantage), and cultivate steady conduct that does not depend on position or praise.

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