Shloka 69

Nīti-saṅgraha: Conduct, Association, Kali-yuga Decline, and the Supremacy of Vidyā

Devanagari script

सुखं स्वपित्यनृणवान्व्याधिमुक्तश्च यो नरः / सावकाशस्तु वै भुङ्क्ते यस्तु दारैर्न सङ्गतः

Transliteration

sukhaṃ svapityanṛṇavānvyādhimuktaśca yo naraḥ / sāvakāśastu vai bhuṅkte yastu dārairna saṅgataḥ

Translation

Lelaki yang bebas daripada hutang dan terlepas daripada penyakit tidur dengan bahagia; dan dia benar-benar menikmati hidup dengan kelapangan apabila tidak terjerat oleh keterikatan kepada isteri serta ikatan rumah tangga.

Word by Word

• सुखम्: comfortably, happily
• सुखम्: Kriya-vishesana (Adverbial modifier/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (क्रियाविशेषण/adverb)

• स्वपिति: sleeps
• स्वपिति: Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्वप् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (singular), परस्मैपद

• अनृणवान्: free from debt
• अनृणवान्: Visheshana (Adjectival modifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्-ऋणवत् = अन् (नञ्-प्रत्यय/negation) + ऋणवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifier)

• व्याधिमुक्तः: freed from illness
• व्याधिमुक्तः: Visheshana (Adjectival modifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: व्याधि (प्रातिपदिक) + मुक्त (कृदन्त; मुच् धातु, क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (व्याधेः मुक्तः)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (समुच्चय/coordination particle)

• यः: who
• यः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक (relative pronoun)

• नरः: man, person
• नरः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• सावकाशः: having leisure/opportunity
• सावकाशः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स-अवकाश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारय (अवकाशयुक्तः)

• तु: but, indeed
• तु: Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (विरोध/contrast particle)

• वै: indeed
• वै: Sambandha (Emphasis/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (निश्चय/emphasis particle)

• भुङ्क्ते: enjoys, partakes
• भुङ्क्ते: Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भुज् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, आत्मनेपद

• यः: who
• यः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक (relative pronoun)

• तु: but
• तु: Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (विरोध/contrast particle)

• दारैः: with wife/wives
• दारैः: Karana/Sahakari (Instrument/Association/करण/सहकारी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दार (प्रातिपदिक; बहुवचन-प्रयोग)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd case), बहुवचन

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (Negation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (निषेध/negation)

• सङ्गतः: associated/attached
• सङ्गतः: Visheshana (Adjectival modifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्-गम् (धातु) + गत (कृदन्त; क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; भूतकर्मणि/कर्तरि क्त-प्रत्यय (past participle)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Sukha arises from being debtless, healthy, and unattached; bondage is intensified by ṛṇa, roga, and excessive gṛha-sanga.

Vedantic Theme: Vairāgya and viveka: reducing upādhis that bind the mind; contentment (santoṣa) as a support for inner peace.

Application: Maintain financial integrity (avoid oppressive debt), care for health, and cultivate non-possessive relationships; simplify obligations to preserve time for japa, study, and service.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana (general): teachings on vairāgya, household duties, and the mind’s bondage through attachment; Garuda Purana Pretakalpa (general): the burden of unfulfilled obligations and the importance of righteous living before death

FAQs

What is the importance of freedom from debt (ṛṇa) in the Garuda Purana?

This verse links peace of mind directly with being anṛṇavān (free from debt), implying that financial and moral obligations weigh on consciousness and disturb restful living.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

By emphasizing freedom from burdens (debt, illness, and binding attachment), it points to inner lightness and self-control—qualities that support dharmic living and prepare one for spiritual progress beyond mere worldly entanglement.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Reduce avoidable debt, care for health, and practice non-clinging within relationships—so daily life remains calm, disciplined, and supportive of spiritual goals.