Shloka 28

अत्यम्बुपानं कठिनाशनञ्च धातुक्षयोवेगविधारणञ्च / दिवाशयो जागरणञ्च रात्रौ षड्भिर्नराणां निवसन्ति रोगाः

atyambupānaṃ kaṭhināśanañca dhātukṣayovegavidhāraṇañca / divāśayo jāgaraṇañca rātrau ṣaḍbhirnarāṇāṃ nivasanti rogāḥ

Penyakit menetap dalam diri manusia kerana enam tabiat: minum air berlebihan, makan makanan berat/sukar hadam, susutnya dhātu (tisu tubuh), menahan dorongan semula jadi, tidur pada siang hari, dan berjaga pada malam hari.

अतिexcessively
अति:
Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअति (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; उपसर्ग/क्रियाविशेषण (intensifier)
अम्बुपानम्drinking water
अम्बुपानम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअम्बु (प्रातिपदिक) + पान (प्रातिपदिक; √पा + ल्युट्)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (अम्बोः पानम्)
कठिनाशनम्eating hard-to-digest food
कठिनाशनम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकठिन (प्रातिपदिक) + अशन्/अशन (प्रातिपदिक; √अश् + ल्युट्)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुष-भावः (कठिनम् अशनीयम्/अशनम्)
and
:
Sambandha (Conjunction/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक (conjunction)
धातुक्षयःdepletion of bodily tissues
धातुक्षयः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootधातु (प्रातिपदिक) + क्षय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (धातूनां क्षयः)
वेगविधारणम्suppression of natural urges
वेगविधारणम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवेग (प्रातिपदिक) + विधारण (प्रातिपदिक; वि√धृ + ल्युट्)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (वेगस्य विधारणम्)
and
:
Sambandha (Conjunction/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक
दिवाशयःsleeping in the daytime
दिवाशयः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदिवा (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक) + आशय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (दिवायाम् आशयः = दिवास्वप्नः)
जागरणम्staying awake
जागरणम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootजागरण (प्रातिपदिक; √जागृ + ल्युट्)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
and
:
Sambandha (Conjunction/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक
रात्रौat night
रात्रौ:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गे, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन (रात्रौ)
षड्भिःby/through six (causes)
षड्भिः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootषष् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
Form(सामान्यतः) तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन; संख्या-शब्दः
नराणाम्of men
नराणाम्:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootनर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन
निवसन्तिreside; occur
निवसन्ति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootनि√वस् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; परस्मैपदम्
रोगाःdiseases
रोगाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootरोग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Concept: Roga (disease) arises from six lifestyle errors involving diet, digestion, tissue depletion, urge suppression, and disordered sleep.

Vedantic Theme: Body as instrument (sadhana-sharira): protect health to sustain dharma and spiritual practice; moderation and rhythm support sattva.

Application: Maintain balanced hydration, avoid heavy foods, prevent overexertion/tissue depletion, do not suppress natural urges, avoid day-sleep, and keep regular night sleep.

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.114.25 (day-sleep; dietary cautions); Garuda Purana 1.114.26 (eating in indigestion as poison)

FAQs

This verse frames disease as arising from specific daily habits, implying that self-restraint and orderly living are part of dharma and support a healthier, steadier life.

Indirectly: by warning against habits that weaken the body and mind, it supports a life lived with clarity and discipline—conditions traditionally seen as helpful for righteous conduct and spiritual progress.

Maintain moderation in intake, avoid heavy foods that strain digestion, do not suppress natural bodily urges, and keep a stable sleep routine (avoid daytime sleeping and late-night wakefulness when possible).