Shloka 10

व्याघ्रीव तिष्ठति जरा परितर्जयन्ती रोगाश्च शत्रव इव प्रभवन्ति गात्रे / आयुः परिस्त्रवति भिन्नघटादिवाम्भो लोको न चात्महितमाचरतीह कश्चित्

vyāghrīva tiṣṭhati jarā paritarjayantī rogāśca śatrava iva prabhavanti gātre / āyuḥ paristravati bhinnaghaṭādivāmbho loko na cātmahitamācaratīha kaścit

Tua berdiri laksana harimau betina, tanpa henti mengancam; penyakit pula bangkit dalam tubuh seperti musuh. Hayat terus menitis pergi seperti air dari tempayan retak—namun di dunia ini hampir tiada sesiapa yang mengamalkan apa yang benar-benar bermanfaat bagi Atman (diri sejati).

व्याघ्रीa tigress
व्याघ्री:
Upamāna (Standard of comparison/उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootव्याघ्री (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
इवlike, as
इव:
Sambandha (Comparative marker/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
Formउपमा-अव्यय (comparative particle)
तिष्ठतिstands, remains
तिष्ठति:
Kriyā (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन
जराold age
जरा:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootजरा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
परितर्जयन्तीthreatening, terrifying
परितर्जयन्ती:
Karta (Agentive participle/कर्तृभाव)
TypeAdjective
Rootपरि-तर्ज् (धातु) + शतृ (कृदन्त)
Formवर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त, स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (जरा-विशेषण)
रोगाःdiseases
रोगाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootरोग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन
and
:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
शत्रवःenemies
शत्रवः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
इवlike
इव:
Sambandha (Comparative marker/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
Formउपमा-अव्यय (comparative particle)
प्रभवन्तिarise, prevail
प्रभवन्ति:
Kriyā (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-भू (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
गात्रेin the body
गात्रे:
Adhikaraṇa (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootगात्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन
आयुःlife-span
आयुः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootआयुस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
परिस्त्रवतिflows away, drains
परिस्त्रवति:
Kriyā (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-स्त्रु (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
भिन्नbroken
भिन्न:
Hetu/Apādāna (Source/Comparison base)
TypeAdjective
Rootभिद् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; विशेषण (घट-विशेषण)
घटात्from a pot
घटात्:
Apādāna (Source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootघट (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन
इवas if, like
इव:
Sambandha (Comparative marker/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
Formउपमा-अव्यय (comparative particle)
अम्भःwater
अम्भः:
Upameya (Thing compared/उपमेय)
TypeNoun
Rootअम्भस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
लोकःpeople, the world
लोकः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootलोक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
not
:
Sambandha (Negation/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negation particle)
and
:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
आत्महितम्one's own welfare
आत्महितम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक) + हित (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (आत्मनः हितम्); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
आचरतिpractices, performs
आचरति:
Kriyā (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootआ-चर् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
इहhere, in this world
इह:
Adhikaraṇa (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place)
कश्चित्someone, anyone
कश्चित्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootक (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + चित् (अव्यय-प्रत्यय)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; अनिश्चितवाचक सर्वनाम (indefinite pronoun)

Lord Viṣṇu (in discourse to Garuḍa / Vinatā-putra)

Concept: Anityatā (impermanence) and pramāda (spiritual negligence): despite inevitable aging, disease, and dwindling lifespan, people fail to pursue ātma-hita.

Vedantic Theme: Viveka-vairāgya: discern the transient body-life from the enduring Self; turn from pramāda toward sādhana.

Application: Daily contemplation of death/impermanence; prioritize sādhanā, ethical living, and devotion over procrastination and mere bodily concerns.

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Related Themes: Garuda Purana (Preta-kalpa themes): anityatā, kāla, jarā, mṛtyu as motivators for dharma and bhakti (general parallel motifs)

FAQs

This verse uses vivid images—old age as a tigress and life draining like water—to press urgency: since decline is certain, one should prioritize ātma-hita (spiritual welfare) now, not later.

By stressing that time, aging, and illness inevitably overtake the body, it redirects attention from bodily security to actions that benefit the enduring self—dharma, restraint, and spiritual practice that support the soul’s higher journey.

Treat health, time, and comfort as unstable; set daily non-negotiables for dharma—truthfulness, charity, japa/prayer, and ethical living—so spiritual priorities are not postponed until crisis.