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Shloka 59

Prāyaścitta: Catalogue of Sins, Narakas, and Graded Expiations

Kṛcchra–Cāndrāyaṇa–Japa

Devanagari script

स्नानमौनोपवासोज्यास्वाध्यायोपस्थनिग्रहः / तपो ऽक्रोधो गुरोर्भक्तिः शौचं च नियमाः स्मृताः

Transliteration

snānamaunopavāsojyāsvādhyāyopasthanigrahaḥ / tapo 'krodho gurorbhaktiḥ śaucaṃ ca niyamāḥ smṛtāḥ

Translation

Mandi suci, berdiam diri, berpuasa, japa suku kata suci “Om”, swādhyāya (telaah diri), mengekang dorongan nafsu, tapa, bebas daripada marah, bhakti kepada guru, dan kesucian—semuanya diingati sebagai niyama (amalan peribadi).

Word by Word
स्नानम्bathing
स्नानम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootस्नान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
मौनम्silence
मौनम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमौन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
उपवासःfasting
उपवासः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootउपवास (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
ओज्याojyā (term as transmitted; possibly ‘strength/energy’ or a vow)
ओज्या:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootओज्या (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन (as transmitted; meaning uncertain)
स्वाध्यायःself-study, Vedic recitation
स्वाध्यायः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootस्वाध्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (स्व + अध्याय), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
उपस्थनिग्रहःrestraint of sexual organ (continence)
उपस्थनिग्रहः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootउपस्थ + निग्रह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास, पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
तपःausterity
तपः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
अक्रोधःabsence of anger
अक्रोधः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअक्रोध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनञ्-तत्पुरुष (अ + क्रोध), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
गुरोःof the teacher
गुरोः:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Gen.), एकवचन
भक्तिःdevotion
भक्तिः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootभक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
शौचम्purity, cleanliness
शौचम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootशौच (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), एकवचन
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
नियमाःobservances (niyamas)
नियमाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootनियम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), बहुवचन
स्मृताःare said/are remembered as
स्मृताः:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ (धातु) / स्मृत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle) used predicatively; पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nom.), बहुवचन
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Niyamas as personal observances: bathing, silence, fasting, Oṃ-japa, self-study, sexual restraint, austerity, non-anger, devotion to guru, and purity.

Vedantic Theme: Sādhana-catuṣṭaya support: discipline and purity as preparation for jñāna/bhakti.

Application: Create a weekly niyama plan: fixed snāna/śauca routine, short mauna period, periodic upavāsa, daily Oṃ-japa and svādhyāya, anger-management through pause and reflection, maintain guru/mentor reverence.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.105.58 (yamas); Garuda Purana 1.105.60-61 (prāyaścitta kṛcchra)

Characters & Entities
G
Guru
O
Om (Praṇava)

FAQs

This verse defines niyamas as concrete daily disciplines—purity, restraint, study, and devotion—that stabilize conduct and purify the mind for dharmic living.

By emphasizing inner purification (śauca), self-control (upastha-nigraha), and angerlessness (akrodha), it points to the ethical-spiritual conditioning that supports higher states and a better post-death trajectory through dharma.

Adopt a simple routine: cleanliness, regular mantra/Om recitation, scripture reading, mindful speech (periodic silence), moderated fasting, and conscious anger-management anchored in respect for one’s teacher or guiding tradition.

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