Shloka 1
The Forest of Material Existence: Jaḍa Bharata Instructs King Rahūgaṇa
ब्राह्मण उवाच दुरत्ययेऽध्वन्यजया निवेशितो रजस्तम:सत्त्वविभक्तकर्मदृक् । स एष सार्थोऽर्थपर: परिभ्रमन् भवाटवीं याति न शर्म विन्दति ॥ १ ॥
brāhmaṇa uvāca duratyaye ’dhvany ajayā niveśito rajas-tamaḥ-sattva-vibhakta-karmadṛk sa eṣa sārtho ’rtha-paraḥ paribhraman bhavāṭavīṁ yāti na śarma vindati
Sang brāhmaṇa berkata: Wahai Raja Rahūgaṇa, jiwa yang terikat, ditawan oleh māyā, memasuki jalan saṁsāra yang amat sukar ditempuh. Di bawah pengaruh tiga guṇa, dia hanya melihat tiga hasil karma—baik, buruk dan campuran—lalu melekat pada dharma, artha, kāma serta teori mokṣa yang bersifat peleburan. Seperti pedagang yang masuk hutan demi keuntungan, dia berkelana dalam rimba kelahiran dan kematian siang malam, namun tidak menemukan kebahagiaan sejati.
One can very easily understand how difficult and insurmountable the path of sense gratification is. Not knowing what the path of sense gratification is, one becomes implicated in the repetition of birth and accepts different types of bodies again and again. Thus one suffers in material existence. In this life one may think that he is very happy being an American, Indian, Englishman or German, but in the next life one has to accept another body among 8,400,000 species. The next body has to be immediately accepted according to karma. One will be forced to accept a certain type of body, and protesting will not help. That is the stringent law of nature. Due to the living entity’s ignorance of his eternal blissful life, he becomes attracted to material activities under the spell of māyā. In this world, he can never experience happiness, yet he works very hard to do so. This is called māyā.
FAQs
It describes worldly life as a dangerous, confusing forest where the soul, driven by desire for gain, wanders without finding real peace—because actions are shaped by the guṇas and karma under māyā.
Rahūgaṇa’s pride and material outlook needed correction; Jaḍa Bharata begins instructing him that the soul’s wandering and suffering come from being placed under māyā and acting through karma influenced by the three modes.
Recognize that chasing “profit” and status cannot give lasting security; shift the goal from artha-centered living to bhakti and self-realization to find true śarma (inner peace).