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Srimad Bhagavatam — Navama Skandha, Shloka 11

Yayāti, Devayānī, Śarmiṣṭhā, and the Exchange of Youth: The Unsatisfied Nature of Desire

अहो निरीक्ष्यतामस्या दास्या: कर्म ह्यसाम्प्रतम् । अस्मद्धार्यं धृतवती शुनीव हविरध्वरे ॥ ११ ॥

aho nirīkṣyatām asyā dāsyāḥ karma hy asāmpratam asmad-dhāryaṁ dhṛtavatī śunīva havir adhvare

Ah, lihatlah perbuatan tidak wajar hamba perempuan Śarmiṣṭhā ini! Tanpa menghiraukan adab, dia telah memakai pakaian yang sepatutnya aku kenakan—bagaikan anjing menyambar minyak sapi suci yang diperuntukkan bagi yajña.

ahoalas!/oh!
aho:
Bhāva (भाव/Exclamation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootaho (अव्यय)
Formविस्मय/आक्रोशवाचक-अव्यय (interjection)
nirīkṣyatāmlet (it) be observed
nirīkṣyatām:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootni + īkṣ (धातु)
Formलोट् (Imperative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि-प्रयोगः (passive sense): ‘let it be seen/considered’
asyāḥof this (girl)
asyāḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
dāsyāḥof the maidservant
dāsyāḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootdāsī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
karmathe act/deed
karma:
Karta (कर्ता/विषय)
TypeNoun
Rootkarman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle of emphasis/indeed)
asāmpratamimproper, untimely
asāmpratam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootasāmprata (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
asmad-dhāryamwhat should be worn by me/us (my garment)
asmad-dhāryam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad + dhārya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (asmākaṃ dhāryam = what should be worn by us)
dhṛtavatīhaving worn/held
dhṛtavatī:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/participial)
TypeVerb
Rootdhṛtavatī (प्रातिपदिक; from √dhṛ)
Formक्तवत्-प्रत्यय (perfect participle/possessive past), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
śunīa female dog
śunī:
Upamāna (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootśunī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
ivalike
iva:
Upamā (उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
Formउपमावाचक-अव्यय (comparative particle)
haviḥthe oblation
haviḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roothavis (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
adhvarein the sacrifice
adhvare:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootadhvara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन
D
Devayānī
Ś
Śarmiṣṭhā

FAQs

Devayānī protests that the maidservant Śarmiṣṭhā has behaved improperly by wearing Devayānī’s rightful garment/ornament, comparing it to a dog grabbing an oblation from a sacrifice.

She uses a sharp Vedic analogy: in a sacrifice, the offering is sacred and designated; similarly, Devayānī feels her personal property and status have been violated, so she condemns Śarmiṣṭhā’s act as shameless and irreverent.

It highlights how pride, status-consciousness, and harsh speech can inflame disputes—encouraging humility, restraint, and dharmic boundaries in relationships.