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Shloka 21

The Slaying of Śālva and the Destruction of Saubha

गदायां सन्निवृत्तायां शाल्वस्त्वन्तरधीयत । ततो मुहूर्त आगत्य पुरुष: शिरसाच्युतम् । देवक्या प्रहितोऽस्मीति नत्वा प्राह वचो रुदन् ॥ २१ ॥

gadāyāṁ sannivṛttāyāṁ śālvas tv antaradhīyata tato muhūrta āgatya puruṣaḥ śirasācyutam devakyā prahito ’smīti natvā prāha vaco rudan

Namun sebaik sahaja Acyuta menarik kembali belantan-Nya, Śālva lenyap dari pandangan. Tidak lama kemudian seorang lelaki datang, menundukkan kepala kepada-Nya dan berkata sambil teresak, “Devakī mengutus aku,” lalu menyampaikan kata-kata berikut.

gadāyāmwhen/while the mace
gadāyām:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootgadā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular
sannivṛttāyāmhaving been withdrawn/checked
sannivṛttāyām:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsam-ni-vṛt (धातु) + kta (क्त) → sannivṛtta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Feminine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; agrees with gadāyām; locative absolute
śālvaḥŚālva
śālvaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśālva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
tubut
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
FormParticle (विरोध/अन्वय-अव्यय)
antaradhīyatadisappeared
antaradhīyata:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootantar-dhā (धातु)
FormLaṅ (Imperfect/अनद्यतनभूत), 3rd person, Singular; Ātmanepada; passive-like in sense ‘disappeared’
tataḥthen
tataḥ:
Kāla/Anukrama (काल/अनुक्रम)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottataḥ (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
FormAdverb (ततः-अव्यय)
muhūrteafter a moment
muhūrte:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmuhūrta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; ‘after a moment’
āgatyahaving come
āgatya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootā-gam (धातु) + lyap (ल्यप्) → āgatya (कृदन्त-अव्यय)
FormAbsolutive/gerund (ल्यप्), indeclinable; ‘having come’
puruṣaḥa man
puruṣaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpuruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
śirasāwith (his) head
śirasā:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootśiras (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; ‘with (his) head’ i.e., bowing
acyutamAcyuta (Krishna)
acyutam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootacyuta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; object of implied ‘saluted’/connected with natvā
devakyāby Devakī
devakyā:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootdevakī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular
prahitaḥsent
prahitaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootpra-hi (धातु) + kta (क्त) → prahita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; predicate to ‘puruṣaḥ’
asmiI am
asmi:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootas (धातु)
FormLaṭ (Present/वर्तमान), 1st person, Singular; Parasmaipada
itithus
iti:
Vākyārtha (वाक्यार्थ-सूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
FormQuotative particle (इति-अव्यय)
natvāhaving bowed
natvā:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnam (धातु) + ktvā (क्त्वा) → natvā (कृदन्त-अव्यय)
FormAbsolutive/gerund (क्त्वा), indeclinable; ‘having bowed’
prāhasaid
prāha:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootah (धातु)
FormLiṭ (Perfect/परोक्षभूत), 3rd person, Singular; Parasmaipada
vacaḥwords
vacaḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvacas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; object of prāha
rudanweeping
rudan:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootrud (धातु) + śatṛ (शतृ) → rudan (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; agrees with puruṣaḥ
Ś
Śālva
A
Acyuta (Śrī Kṛṣṇa)
D
Devakī

FAQs

This verse shows Śālva abruptly disappearing and a messenger appearing, indicating deceptive tactics and illusory maneuvers that occur even in battlefield episodes, highlighting the contrast between the Lord’s steadiness and an opponent’s māyā.

In the narrative, an apparent messenger approaches Kṛṣṇa claiming Devakī sent him, setting up an emotional, potentially deceptive message meant to disturb Kṛṣṇa—part of the unfolding encounter with Śālva’s stratagems.

Like Kṛṣṇa remaining composed amid abrupt reversals, a devotee can practice steadiness—pausing before reacting, remembering the Lord, and discerning truth carefully when emotions are being manipulated.