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Shloka 6

Kāliya-damana: Kṛṣṇa Subdues the Serpent and Purifies the Yamunā

तं चण्डवेगविषवीर्यमवेक्ष्य तेन दुष्टां नदीं च खलसंयमनावतार: । कृष्ण: कदम्बमधिरुह्य ततोऽतितुङ्ग- मास्फोट्य गाढरशनो न्यपतद् विषोदे ॥ ६ ॥

taṁ caṇḍa-vega-viṣa-vīryam avekṣya tena duṣṭāṁ nadīṁ ca khala-saṁyamanāvatāraḥ kṛṣṇaḥ kadambam adhiruhya tato ’ti-tuṅgam āsphoṭya gāḍha-raśano nyapatad viṣode

Melihat kekuatan racun Kāliya yang dahsyat dan deras serta sungai yang dicemari olehnya—kerana Kṛṣṇa turun untuk menundukkan para durjana yang dengki—Tuhan segera memanjat pokok kadamba yang sangat tinggi. Baginda mengetatkan ikat pinggang, menepuk lengan, lalu terjun ke dalam air beracun itu.

तम्that (it)
तम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
चण्ड-वेग-विष-वीर्यम्the poison-potency with fierce force
चण्ड-वेग-विष-वीर्यम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object; of अवेक्ष्य)
TypeNoun
Rootचण्ड (प्रातिपदिक) + वेग (प्रातिपदिक) + विष (प्रातिपदिक) + वीर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुषः (fierce-speed poison potency)
अवेक्ष्यhaving observed
अवेक्ष्य:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया/Prior action)
TypeVerb
Rootअवेक्ष् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), ‘अव+ईक्ष्’; अव्ययभावः
तेनby that; because of that
तेन:
Karana (करण/Instrument/Cause)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन
दुष्टाम्wicked, polluted
दुष्टाम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootदुष्ट (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying नदीम्)
नदीम्the river
नदीम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object; of implied ‘to purify/discipline’)
TypeNoun
Rootनदी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
and
:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)
खल-संयमन-अवतारःthe incarnation for restraining the wicked
खल-संयमन-अवतारः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject; apposition to कृष्णः)
TypeNoun
Rootखल (प्रातिपदिक) + संयमन (प्रातिपदिक) + अवतार (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; ‘खलानां संयमनार्थः अवतारः’ इति
कृष्णःKrishna
कृष्णः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
कदम्बम्a kadamba tree
कदम्बम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object; of अधिरुह्य)
TypeNoun
Rootकदम्ब (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
अधिरुह्यhaving climbed
अधिरुह्य:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअधि+रुह् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), ‘अधि+रुह्’; अव्ययभावः
ततःthen
ततः:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रिया-विशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अपादान/क्रमार्थक (then, from there)
अति-तुङ्गम्very high (aloft)
अति-तुङ्गम्:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रिया-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअति (अव्यय-उपसर्ग) + तुङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying implied ‘स्थानम्/उच्चता’ or the leap)
आस्फोट्यhaving snapped/struck (in challenge)
आस्फोट्य:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootआ+स्फुट्/स्फोट् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), ‘आ+स्फोट्’; अव्ययभावः; ‘आस्फोट्य’ = snapping/striking (e.g., slapping arms)
गाढ-रशनःwith a tightly fastened waistband
गाढ-रशनः:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier of कृष्णः)
TypeAdjective
Rootगाढ (प्रातिपदिक) + रशन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः—‘गाढा रशना यस्य’ (one whose belt/waistband is tight)
न्यपतत्leapt down, fell
न्यपतत्:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootपत् (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; उपसर्गः नि- (ny-)
विष-उदेinto the poisoned water
विष-उदे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootविष (प्रातिपदिक) + उद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; ‘विषयुक्ते उदके’ इति (in poisoned water)

According to the ācāryas, Lord Kṛṣṇa also tied back the locks of His hair as He prepared to do battle with Kāliya.

K
Krishna
K
Kaliya

FAQs

This verse describes Krishna deliberately leaping into the poisoned waters after assessing the poison’s fierce potency, showing His resolve to purify the river and restrain evil.

From the tall kadamba tree Krishna prepared Himself—tightening His garment and challenging the danger—before entering the poisoned river to confront the source of contamination (Kāliya).

Face harmful influences decisively and with faith: assess the danger, prepare properly, and act with courage while relying on divine protection and dharmic purpose.