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Shloka 22

Kāliya-damana: Kṛṣṇa Subdues the Serpent and Purifies the Yamunā

कृष्णप्राणान्निर्विशतो नन्दादीन् वीक्ष्य तं ह्रदम् । प्रत्यषेधत् स भगवान् राम: कृष्णानुभाववित् ॥ २२ ॥

kṛṣṇa-prāṇān nirviśato nandādīn vīkṣya taṁ hradam pratyaṣedhat sa bhagavān rāmaḥ kṛṣṇānubhāva-vit

Ketika itu Śrī Balarāma melihat Nanda Mahārāja dan para gopa lain, yang menyerahkan nyawa mereka kepada Kṛṣṇa, mula memasuki tasik ular itu. Mengetahui kuasa sebenar Kṛṣṇa, Baginda menahan mereka.

कृष्णप्राणान्the lives (very life-breath) of Krishna
कृष्णप्राणान्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्ण-प्राण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (कृष्णस्य प्राणाः)
निर्विशतः(of those) entering
निर्विशतः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootनि√विश् (धातु)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ), परस्मैपदी; षष्ठी-बहुवचन/एकवचन? (genitive) used with object: 'of those entering'; here: 'entering (into)' agreeing with implied agent (नन्दादीनाम्)
नन्दादीन्Nanda and the others
नन्दादीन्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootनन्द-आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; 'नन्दः आदिः येषाम्' (आदि-समास)
वीक्ष्यhaving seen
वीक्ष्य:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootवि√ईक्ष् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव; 'having seen'
तम्that
तम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (pronoun)
ह्रदम्lake
ह्रदम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootह्रद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
प्रत्यषेधत्forbade / stopped
प्रत्यषेधत्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति√षिध् (धातु)
Formलङ्-लकार (Imperfect/past), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपदी
सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
भगवान्the Lord
भगवान्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootभगवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
रामःBalarāma
रामः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootराम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
कृष्णानुभाववित्knower of Krishna’s power
कृष्णानुभाववित्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootकृष्ण-अनुभाव-वित् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (कृष्णस्य अनुभावः—तं वेत्ति)

Śrīla Sanātana Gosvāmī explains that Lord Balarāma checked some of the cowherd men by speaking to them, others by physically holding them and still others by casting upon them His potent smiling glance. Distraught over the situation, they were prepared to give up their lives for Lord Kṛṣṇa by entering the serpent’s lake.

K
Krishna
B
Balarama
N
Nanda Maharaja

FAQs

This verse describes Nanda and the Vrajavasis as 'kṛṣṇa-prāṇa'—people whose very life depends on Krishna—so their love drives them to rush toward danger when they think Krishna is at risk.

Balarama knew Krishna’s supreme power and also understood the peril of the poisoned lake; therefore, he restrained the Vrajavasis so they would not be harmed while Krishna handled the situation.

It teaches both deep love for God and wise restraint: devotion should be guided by spiritual understanding, following those who know the Lord’s potency and acting without reckless endangerment.