HomeBhagavad GitaCh. 2Shloka 21
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Shloka 21

Sankhya YogaSankhya Yoga

Bhagavad Gita 21 illustration

वेदाविनाशिनं नित्यं य एनमजमव्ययम् । कथं स पुरुषः पार्थ कं घातयति हन्ति कम् ॥ २.२१ ॥

vedāvināśinaṃ nityaṃ ya enam ajam avyayam | kathaṃ sa puruṣaḥ pārtha kaṃ ghātayati hanti kam || 2.21 ||

Sesiapa yang mengetahui-Nya sebagai tidak dapat binasa, kekal, tidak dilahirkan, dan tidak berubah—wahai Pārtha, bagaimana mungkin dia menyebabkan sesiapa dibunuh, atau menganggap sesiapa terbunuh?

He who knows this as indestructible, eternal, unborn and immutable—how can that person, O Pārtha, cause anyone to be harmed, or regard anyone as harmed?

One who knows it as indestructible, eternal, unborn, unchanging—how could that person, O Pārtha, make (someone) be struck down, or strike down whom?

Traditional translations often sharpen the ethical implication (‘how can he kill?’). A contextual-academic rendering can treat it as a rhetorical denial of ultimate agency with respect to the self, while acknowledging action occurs at the empirical level.

वेदknows
वेद:
Root√विद् (ज्ञाने)
अविनाशिनम्the imperishable (one)
अविनाशिनम्:
Karma
Rootअविनाशिन् (प्रातिपदिकम्)
नित्यम्eternal; always
नित्यम्:
Rootनित्य (प्रातिपदिकम्)
यःwho
यः:
Karta
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम्)
एनम्this (one)
एनम्:
Karma
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम्)
अजम्unborn
अजम्:
Rootअज (प्रातिपदिकम्)
अव्ययम्unchanging; undecaying
अव्ययम्:
Rootअव्यय (प्रातिपदिकम्)
कथम्how?
कथम्:
Rootकथम् (अव्ययम्)
सःhe
सः:
Karta
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम्)
पुरुषःperson; man
पुरुषः:
Karta
Rootपुरुष (प्रातिपदिकम्)
पार्थO son of Prithā (Arjuna)
पार्थ:
Rootपार्थ (प्रातिपदिकम्)
कम्whom?
कम्:
Karma
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम्)
घातयतिcauses to be slain; makes (someone) kill
घातयति:
Root√हन् (हिंसायाम्)
हन्तिkills
हन्ति:
Root√हन् (हिंसायाम्)
कम्whom?
कम्:
Karma
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम्)
KrishnaArjuna
JñānaAkartṛtvaĀtmanAvyaya
Transformative knowledgeAgency reconsideredEthics and metaphysics interface

FAQs

It suggests that deep insight changes one’s relationship to action—reducing egoic ownership and reactive hostility.

If the self is truly immutable, then ultimate harm does not apply to it; the verse frames action as belonging to a different explanatory level.

Krishna presses the implication of prior claims: correct knowledge undercuts the premise of irreversible loss at the level of the self.

Encourages acting with responsibility while maintaining humility about control and avoiding absolutizing interpersonal conflicts.