Sutra 1

Devanagari script

आन्वीक्षिकी त्रयी वार्त्ता दण्डनीतिश्चेति विद्याः ॥ कZ_०१.२.०१ ॥

Transliteration

ānvīkṣikī trayī vārttā daṇḍanītiś ceti vidyāḥ

Translation

Ilmu-ilmu ialah: penyelidikan kritis (ānvīkṣikī), Veda Tiga (trayī), kegiatan ekonomi/sara hidup (vārttā), dan ilmu pemerintahan melalui kuasa paksaan (daṇḍanīti).

Word by Word

• आन्वीक्षिकी: the science of inquiry (philosophy/logic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनु-ईक्ष् (ईक्ष्)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचनम्; विद्याशब्दस्य विशेषणरूपेण (विद्या-नाम)

• त्रयी: the triple Veda (Vedic learning)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रि
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचनम्; ‘त्रयी-विद्या’ इति वेदत्रयसम्बद्धा विद्या

• वार्त्ता: economics/means of livelihood (agriculture, cattle-rearing, trade)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृत् (वर्तते) / वृत्तिः (व्युत्पत्त्यर्थः)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचनम्; ‘वार्ता-विद्या’

• दण्डनीतिः: the science of governance/punitive policy (statecraft)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड + नीति
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचनम्; ‘दण्डनीति-विद्या’

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्ययम्

• इति: thus; namely
• Type: Particle
• Form: उद्धरण/परिसमाप्त्यर्थक अव्ययम्; उक्तानां नाम्नां समाहार-निर्देशः

• विद्याः: sciences/branches of knowledge
• Type: Noun
• Root: विद्या
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचनम्

More Details

FAQs

What is the strategic objective (Artha) of this verse?

To define the core knowledge domains a ruler must master so that policy is rational (inquiry), legitimate (normative learning), wealth-generating (economic management), and enforceable (coercive authority), thereby securing prosperity and security of the state.

How does this apply to modern governance?

It maps to modern state capacity: evidence-based analysis (policy science), constitutional/ethical legitimacy (rule-of-law norms), economic administration (public finance and development), and enforcement institutions (police, courts, and disciplined use of force). Effective governance requires balancing all four.

What is the specific duty of the ruler/official mentioned?

No specific office is named; the implied duty of the ruler is to be trained across these disciplines and integrate them in decision-making—using economic policy to build resources, legal-coercive instruments to maintain order, and analytical reasoning to choose effective means within a legitimizing normative framework.