Sutra 33

Devanagari script

यदि वा पश्येत् आयुधीयप्रायः श्रेणीप्रायो वा मे जनपदः शैलवननदीदुर्गैकद्वारारक्षो वा शक्ष्यति पराभियोगं प्रतिहन्तुम् विषयान्ते दुर्गमविषह्यमपाश्रितो वा शक्ष्यामि परकर्माण्युपहन्तुं ॥ कZ_०७.१.३३अ ॥

Transliteration

yadi vā paśyet āyudhīyaprāyaḥ śreṇīprāyo vā me janapadaḥ śailavananadīdurgaikadvārārakṣo vā śakṣyati parābhiyogaṃ pratihantum viṣayānte durgam aviṣahyam apāśrito vā śakṣyāmi parakarmāṇy upahantuṃ

Translation

Atau, jika dia menjangka: “Wilayahku kebanyakannya bersifat ketenteraan dan tersusun dalam formasi seperti persatuan (guild); atau ia dilindungi oleh gunung, hutan, sungai, kubu, serta pintu masuk sempit yang dikawal, lalu mampu menangkis serangan musuh; atau, dengan berlindung di kubu yang tidak dapat ditembusi di sempadan, aku boleh menyerang operasi pihak lawan”—maka (berdasarkan itu) dia boleh memilih dasar yang membolehkan melemahkan lawan sambil kekal selamat.

Word by Word

यदिif

वाor

पश्येत्he should see/observe; he may find

आयुधीय-प्रायःmostly consisting of armed men / predominantly military

श्रेणी-प्रायःmostly consisting of guilds (organized corporations)

वाor

मेof me / my

जनपदःthe countryside/territory (of my state)

शैल-वन-नदी-दुर्ग-एकद्वार-रक्षः(a territory) protected by mountains, forests, rivers, a fort, and a single gate/access

वाor

शक्ष्यतिwill be able

पर-अभियोगम्an enemy’s attack/expedition

प्रतिहन्तुम्to repel/counterstrike

विषय-अन्तेat the edge/frontier of the district/territory

दुर्गम्a fort

अविषह्यम्unendurable; hard to overcome

अपाश्रितःhaving taken refuge (in it)

वाor

शक्ष्यामिI shall be able

पर-कर्माणिthe enemy’s actions/operations

उपहन्तुम्to strike at; to damage; to thwart

Entities Mentioned

janapada

guilds (śreṇī)

fortress (durga)

frontier

FAQs

What state capacities justify a more aggressive posture despite threat?

A militarized/organized populace, strong natural and fort defenses, controlled chokepoints, and access to an unassailable frontier fortress enabling safe offensive disruption.

What is the niti principle?

Build resilience (terrain, forts, social organization) so the state can absorb attack while continuing to degrade the adversary’s capacity.