शमान्तरं पत्तिं स्थापयेत्त्रिशमान्तरमश्वम् पञ्चशमान्तरं रथं हस्तिनं वा ॥ कZ_१०.५.०३ ॥
śamāntaraṃ pattiṃ sthāpayet triśamāntaram aśvam pañcaśamāntaraṃ rathaṃ hastinaṃ vā
Dia hendaklah menempatkan infantri pada jarak satu śama; kavalri pada jarak tiga śama; dan kereta perang atau gajah pada jarak lima śama.
Greater mass and turning radius require more lateral/longitudinal room; spacing reduces self-interference and enables controlled maneuver under stress.