Sutra 11
Devanagari script
अतोऽन्यतमेन कारणेन हतं हत्वा वा दण्डभयादुद्बद्धनिकृत्तकण्ठं विद्यात् ॥ कZ_०४.७.११ ॥
Transliteration
ato'nyatamena kāraṇena hataṃ hatvā vā daṇḍabhayād udbaddhanikṛttakaṇṭhaṃ vidyāt
Translation
Or, when killed by some other cause—or after killing someone—if (the person) out of fear of punishment is found hanged or with the throat cut, it should be recognized (as such).
Word by Word
अतःtherefore; from this (reason)
अतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः
Formअव्यय; अपादान/हेतु-अर्थे ‘therefore/from this (reason)’
अन्यतमेनby one of the (possible)
अन्यतमेन:
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअन्यतम
Formतृतीया-एकवचन; पुल्लिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (विशेष्यापेक्षया); ‘by one or the other (of several)’
कारणेनby a cause; due to a reason
कारणेन:
TypeNoun
Rootकारण
Formतृतीया-एकवचन; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; करण/हेतु-अर्थे ‘by/through a cause’
हतम्(one) killed; a slain (person/body)
हतम्:
TypeParticiple (Verbal adjective)
Root√हन्
Formकर्मणि क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (भूतकर्मणि); द्वितीया-एकवचन; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; ‘killed (person/body)’
हत्वाhaving killed
हत्वा:
TypeGerund
Root√हन्
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय; पूर्वकालिक क्रिया ‘having killed’
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formअव्यय; विकल्पार्थक ‘or’
दण्डभयात्from fear of punishment
दण्डभयात्:
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड-भय
Formपञ्चमी-एकवचन; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; ‘from fear of punishment’
उद्बद्धनिकृत्तकण्ठम्(a body) with signs of hanging or with the throat cut
उद्बद्धनिकृत्तकण्ठम्:
TypeAdjective (compound)
Rootउद्बद्ध-निकृत्त-कण्ठ
Formद्वितीया-एकवचन; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; विशेषणम् (हतम् इत्यस्य) ‘having (either) a hanging (mark) or a cut throat’
विद्यात्he should know; he should ascertain
विद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Root√विद् (ज्ञान)
Formलोट्/विधिलिङ्? → विधिलिङ् (optative) परस्मैपद; प्रथमा-एकवचन; ‘he should know/ascertain’
Entities Mentioned
O
offender (implicit)V
victim (implicit)S
state punishment (daṇḍa)FAQs
To prevent offenders from escaping adjudication (or concealing homicide) through suicide or staged circumstances, ensuring accountability and deterrence.