Sutra 9

Devanagari script

ग्रामान्तरेषु वा मुषितं प्रवासितं विवीताध्यक्षो दद्यात् ॥ कZ_०४.१३.०९ ॥

Transliteration

grāmāntareṣu vā muṣitaṃ pravāsitaṃ vivītādhyakṣo dadyāt

Translation

Jika kecurian/kehilangan berlaku di antara kampung (zon antara kampung), penyelia zon jalan yang dilindungi (vivītādhyakṣa) hendaklah membayar ganti rugi.

Word by Word

• ग्रामान्तरेषु: in other villages / in another village area
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्राम + अन्तर
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; बहुव्रीहिः न; सप्तमी-बहुवचन; आधार-अधिकरणे (locative of place): ‘in other villages’

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्यय (disjunctive)

• मुषितम्: (something) stolen
• Type: Participle
• Root: मुṣ् (मुष्)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त); नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा/द्वितीया; कर्म/वस्तु-निर्देश: ‘(property) stolen’

• प्रवासितम्: (something) carried away / removed (to elsewhere)
• Type: Participle
• Root: प्र-वास्
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त); नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा/द्वितीया; कर्म/वस्तु-निर्देश: ‘(property/person) carried off/removed (away)’

• विवीताध्यक्षः: the superintendent/overseer of the vivīta (a designated protected/managed area)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विवीत + अध्यक्ष
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा; कर्तृ: ‘the superintendent of vivīta’

• दद्यात्: should give / should restore (it)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (ददाति)
• Form: लिङ् (विधिलिङ्); परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन; विधि/आज्ञा: ‘should give/should award’

Entities Mentioned

• vivītādhyakṣa (superintendent of protected zone)
• travelers/merchants

More Details

FAQs

What does assigning compensation to the vivītādhyakṣa achieve?

It ties road security outcomes to an accountable official, encouraging patrols, checkpoints, and rapid response along transit corridors.

How is jurisdiction defined here?

By location: inside the village (grāmasvāmī), between villages/secured tracts (vivītādhyakṣa).