Sutra 2

Devanagari script

सप्तरात्रस्यान्तर्मृते शुद्धवधः पक्षस्यान्तरुत्तमः मासस्यान्तः पञ्चशतः समुत्थानव्ययश्च ॥ कZ_०४.११.०२ ॥

Transliteration

saptarātrasyāntarmṛte śuddhavadhaḥ pakṣasyāntaruttamaḥ māsasyāntaḥ pañcaśataḥ samutthānavyayaś ca

Translation

Jika kematian berlaku dalam tempoh tujuh malam (selepas kecederaan), ia dianggap sebagai pembunuhan yang nyata (dihukum mati). Jika kematian berlaku dalam tempoh dua minggu, dikenakan denda tertinggi. Jika kematian berlaku dalam tempoh sebulan, dikenakan denda lima ratus, dan pampasan bagi rawatan perubatan serta perbelanjaan berkaitan juga perlu dibayar.

Word by Word

• सप्तरात्रस्य: of a period of seven nights (i.e., within seven days)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सप्तरात्र
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी एकवचन; (सप्त + रात्र) समास; ‘सप्तरात्र’ = सात रातों/सात दिनों की अवधि

• अन्तः: within
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्तः
• Form: अव्यय; ‘अन्तः’ = भीतर/के भीतर (काल-सीमा सूचक)

• मृते: upon (someone) having died / in the event of death
• Type: Verb (Participle)
• Root: मृ
• Form: कृदन्त; भूतकृदन्त (क्त); ‘मृत’—पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसक; लोकेटिव एकवचन; ‘मृते’ = (उसके) मर जाने पर/मृत अवस्था में

• शुद्धवधः: a ‘clear/clean’ execution (capital punishment in a clearly established case)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वध
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; (शुद्ध + वध) = ‘शुद्ध’ विशेषण + ‘वध’

• पक्षस्य: of a fortnight
• Type: Noun
• Root: पक्ष
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी एकवचन; ‘पक्ष’ = पखवाड़ा/पक्ष (fortnight)

• अन्तः: within
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्तः
• Form: अव्यय; ‘अन्तः’ = भीतर/के भीतर

• उत्तमः: the higher/better (option/limit)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: उत्तम
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; ‘उत्तम’ = श्रेष्ठ/उत्तम (यहाँ: उच्चतर/अधिकतम सीमा/श्रेष्ठ विकल्प)

• मासस्य: of a month
• Type: Noun
• Root: मास
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी एकवचन; ‘मास’ = महीना

• अन्तः: within
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्तः
• Form: अव्यय; ‘अन्तः’ = भीतर/के भीतर

• पञ्चशतः: five hundred
• Type: Numeral (adjectival)
• Root: पञ्चशत
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; (पञ्च + शत) = 500; संख्यावाचक

• समुत्थानव्ययः: expenditure connected with origination/undertaking (operational/enterprise-related expense)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्यय
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; (समुत्थान + व्यय) = ‘समुत्थानस्य व्ययः’/‘समुत्थान-सम्बद्ध व्यय’; समुत्थान = उद्भव/उत्पत्ति/उत्थान (rise/origin)

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक

Entities Mentioned

• victim
• offender
• state/judiciary

More Details

FAQs

What administrative principle is used here to classify liability for death after an assault?

A time-based causation test: the closer the death is to the injury, the stronger the presumption of direct responsibility and the harsher the penalty.

What policy goal is served by adding samutthāna-vyaya?

It enforces restitution in addition to punishment, shifting the economic burden of harm from victims to offenders.