Sutra 56
Devanagari script
भिषजः प्राणाबाधिकमनाख्यायोपक्रममाणस्य विपत्तौ पूर्वः साहसदण्डः कर्मापराधेन विपत्तौ मध्यमः ॥ कZ_०४.१.५६ ॥
Transliteration
bhiṣajaḥ prāṇābādhikamanākhyāyopakramamāṇasya vipattau pūrvaḥ sāhasadaṇḍaḥ karmāparādhena vipattau madhyamaḥ
Translation
Bagi seorang tabib yang menjalankan rawatan tanpa memaklumkan bahawa ia membahayakan nyawa: jika berlaku mudarat, dikenakan hukuman sāhasa pertama (paling rendah); jika mudarat berlaku kerana salah laku profesional/kesilapan prosedur, dikenakan hukuman sāhasa pertengahan.
Word by Word
भिषजःphysicians
भिषजः:
TypeNoun
Rootभिषज्
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन (कर्तृपद)
प्राणाबाधिकम्harmful to life
प्राणाबाधिकम्:
TypeAdjective (Karmadhāraya compound used adjectivally)
Rootआ-बाध्
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-एकवचन; ‘उपक्रमम्’ विशेषयति
अनाख्यायwithout informing (without declaring)
अनाख्याय:
TypeGerund (Absolutive)
Rootआ-ख्या
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय; नकार-पूर्वक (न + आख्याय) = ‘without informing/declaring’
उपक्रममाणस्यof one who is undertaking (treatment)
उपक्रममाणस्य:
TypeVerb (present participle)
Rootउप-क्रम्
Formवर्तमान कृदन्त (शतृ/शानच्); आत्मनेपद-प्रयोग; षष्ठी-एकवचन; ‘भिषजः’ सम्बन्धे ‘of a physician who is undertaking (treatment)’
विपत्तौin (the event of) mishap
विपत्तौ:
TypeNoun
Rootवि-पद्
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; सप्तमी-एकवचन; ‘in case of mishap/ruin’
पूर्वःthe first (lowest)
पूर्वः:
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootपूर्व
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; ‘(the) first/lowest (grade)’—दण्डस्य विशेषणम्
साहसदण्डःthe sāhasa-penalty (fine for a violent/heinous act)
साहसदण्डः:
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; विधेय (predicate)
कर्मापराधेनdue to an offence in the act (professional fault)
कर्मापराधेन:
TypeNoun (instrumental phrase)
Rootअ-पराध्
Formपुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया-एकवचन; हेतौ/करणे ‘due to/by reason of professional misconduct’
विपत्तौin (the event of) mishap
विपत्तौ:
TypeNoun
Rootवि-पद्
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; सप्तमी-एकवचन; पुनरुक्त—‘in case of mishap’
मध्यमःthe middle (grade)
मध्यमः:
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootमध्यम
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; ‘(the) middle (grade)’—दण्डस्य विशेषणम्
Entities Mentioned
P
Physician (bhiṣaj)P
Patient (implicit)K
King/State (judge/regulator)FAQs
A mix of informed-consent duty (disclose life-risk) and malpractice liability (procedural fault), with penalties scaled by culpability.