Adhyakshaprachara Adhyaya 36 Sutra 35 - Arthashastra | Malay | Vedapath

Kautilya

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Sutra 35

Devanagari script

तूर्यशब्दे राज्ञो गृहाभ्याशे सपादपणं अक्षणताडनं प्रथमपश्चिमयामिकं मध्यमयामिकं द्विगुणमन्तश्चतुर्गुणम् ॥ कZ_०२.३६.३५ ॥

Transliteration

tūryaśabde rājño gṛhābhyāśe sapādapaṇaṃ akṣaṇatāḍanaṃ prathamapaścimayāmikaṃ madhyamayāmikaṃ dviguṇam antaś caturguṇam.

Translation

Apabila terdengar bunyi alat amaran (tūrya) di sekitar kediaman raja, dendanya ialah satu dan satu perempat paṇa; bagi memukul (orang lain) tanpa menyebabkan kecederaan, denda ditentukan mengikut waktu jaga: pada jaga pertama dan terakhir jumlah asas, pada jaga pertengahan dua kali ganda, dan di bahagian dalam (zon terdalam/paling terhad) empat kali ganda.

Word by Word

तूर्य-शब्देwhen there is the sound of musical instruments (drum/pipe etc.)

राज्ञःof the king

गृह-अभ्याशेin the vicinity of the (king’s) residence

स-पाद-पणम्a fine of one and a quarter paṇa

अक्षण-ताडनम्‘akṣaṇa-tāḍana’—a specified punitive beating/striking penalty (a technical punishment term)

प्रथम-पश्चिम-यामिकम्(penalty) for the first ‘western’ watch/portion of the night (a time-slot category)

मध्यम-यामिकम्(penalty) for the middle watch of the night

द्वि-गुणम्double (the fine/penalty)

अन्तःat the end / in the last period

चतुḥ-गुणम्fourfold (the fine/penalty)

Entities Mentioned

king (rājā)

guards/night watch (implied)

FAQs

Why are penalties higher in the middle watch and inside restricted areas?

Kauṭilya treats those times/locations as higher-risk for burglary, assassination, and panic; deterrence is increased by multiplying fines.

What administrative idea is embedded here?

Risk-weighted policing: punishments scale with threat level (time, proximity to sovereign, and restricted zones).