Shloka 32

Devanagari script

आविवेश न तं निद्रा निशासु शयनं गतम्।तत्समुत्थेन शोकेन बाष्पोपहतचेतसम्4.27.32।।

Transliteration

āviveśa na taṃ nidrā niśāsu śayanaṃ gatam | tatsamutthena śokena bāṣpopahatacetasam || 4.27.32 ||

Translation

रात्री शय्येवर गेल्यावरही त्यांना झोप लागली नाही; अंतःकरणातून उसळणाऱ्या त्या शोकाने, अश्रूंनी व्याकुळ झालेले त्यांचे चित्त पुन्हा जखडले।

Word by Word

• āviveśa: entered/took hold
• āviveśa: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-viś (धातु)
• Form: Liṭ-lakāra (लिट्, perfect), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; parasmaipada

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, negation

• tam: him
• tam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• nidrā: sleep
• nidrā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nidrā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• niśāsu: in the nights
• niśāsu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: niśā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Bahuvacana

• śayanam: bed/lying down
• śayanam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śayana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• gatam: gone (to bed)
• gatam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: gam (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त) used adjectivally; Masculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular; agrees with tam; 'gone to bed'

• tat-samutthena: arising from that
• tat-samutthena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम) + samuttha (कृदन्त from √sthā/utthā 'arise')
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: 'arisen from that'; Neuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; agrees with śokena

• śokena: by grief
• śokena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śoka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular

• bāṣpa-upahata-cetasam: whose mind was overcome by tears
• bāṣpa-upahata-cetasam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bāṣpa (प्रातिपदिक) + upahata (कृदन्त from √han with upa) + cetas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa multi-member: 'mind struck/overcome by tears'; Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; agrees with tam

Context

Seeing Rama worried and engrossed in endless sorrow, his brother Lakshmana who was equally sad spoke these words of consolation:

Characters & Entities

• Rama

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse highlights the human cost of dharmic responsibility: even the righteous can suffer, yet the narrative prepares for transforming sorrow into disciplined action.

What is the narrative situation?

Separated from Sītā and stalled by the rainy season, Rāma lies awake at night, overwhelmed by grief and tears.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Emotional truthfulness (satya of feeling) paired with the need for fortitude—Rāma does not pretend to be unaffected.