Shloka 41

Devanagari script

नियच्छन्नितरान्‌ वर्णान्‌ विनिध्नन्‌ सर्वदुष्कृत: । ससहायो<5सहायो वा यावज्जीवं तथा भवेत्‌,क्षत्रिय ससहाय हो अथवा असहाय, वह अन्य वर्ण-के लोगोंको काबूमें रखता और समस्त पापियोंको दण्ड देता हुआ जीवनभर वैसा ही उद्यमशील बना रहे

Transliteration

niyacchann itarān varṇān vinighnan sarva-duṣkṛtaḥ | sa-sahāyo 'sahāyo vā yāvaj-jīvaṃ tathā bhavet ||

Translation

“तो इतर वर्णांना आवर घालो आणि सर्व दुष्कर्म करणाऱ्यांना दंड करो. सहकारी असोत वा नसोत—क्षत्रियाने आयुष्यभर ह्याच कर्तव्य-उद्यमात अढळ राहावे.”

Word by Word

• नियच्छन्: restraining, controlling
• नियच्छन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-यम् (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (कर्तरि), पुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• इतरान्: other
• इतरान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इतर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• वर्णान्: classes/varnas
• वर्णान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• विनिध्नन्: striking down, punishing
• विनिध्नन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-हन् (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (कर्तरि), पुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• सर्व-दुष्कृतः: all wrongdoers/sinners
• सर्व-दुष्कृतः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व + दुष्कृत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• स-सहायः: with allies/with help
• स-सहायः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स + सहाय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अ-सहायः: without allies/without help
• अ-सहायः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ + सहाय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• वा: or
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा

• यावत्-जीवम्: for (as long as) life; lifelong
• यावत्-जीवम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यावत् + जीव (प्रातिपदिक)

• तथा: thus, in that manner
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• भवेत्: should be, should become
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ्, विधि/संभावना, प्रथम, एकवचन

Speaker

पुत्र उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Kṣatriya
• varṇas (other social orders)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse states a central principle of rājadharma: a Kṣatriya must uphold social order by restraining disruptive forces and punishing wrongdoing, remaining unwavering in this responsibility throughout life, whether aided or unaided.

What is happening in the narrative?

In a didactic exchange marked by “the son said,” the speaker lays down a normative rule for Kṣatriya conduct—emphasizing lifelong vigilance, enforcement of order, and readiness to act even without external support.