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Shloka 35

Udyoga Parva, Adhyaya 104: Nārada on Suhṛt and Nirbandha; the Viśvāmitra–Gālava Exemplum Begins

विष्णुर्वायुश्च शक्रश्न धर्मस्तौ चाश्विनावुभौ । एते देवास्त्वया केन हेतुना वीक्षितुं क्षमा:,धर्मस्वरूप विष्णु, वायु, इन्द्र और वे दोनों अश्विनीकुमार--इतने देवता तुम्हारे विरुद्ध हैं। तुम किस कारणसे इन देवताओंकी ओर देखनेका भी साहस कर सकते हो?

viṣṇur vāyuś ca śakraś ca dharmas tau cāśvināv ubhau | ete devās tvayā kena hetunā vīkṣituṁ kṣamāḥ ||

विष्णु, वायु, शक्र (इंद्र), धर्म आणि ते दोन्ही अश्विनीकुमार—हे देव तुझ्या विरोधात आहेत. कोणत्या कारणाने तू त्यांच्याकडे पाहण्याचेही धैर्य करतोस?

विष्णुःVishnu
विष्णुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविष्णु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वायुःVayu (Wind-god)
वायुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवायु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शक्रःShakra (Indra)
शक्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशक्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःDharma (god of righteousness)
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तौthose two
तौ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अश्विनौthe two Ashvins
अश्विनौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्विन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
उभौboth
उभौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
देवाःgods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्वयाby you
त्वया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
FormInstrumental, Singular
केनby what? / for what (reason)?
केन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
हेतुनाby reason, cause
हेतुना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootहेतु
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
वीक्षितुम्to look at, to behold
वीक्षितुम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Root√ईक्ष्
FormTumun (infinitive), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
क्षमाःable, capable
क्षमाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

कण्व उवाच

कण्व (Kaṇva)
विष्णु (Viṣṇu)
वायु (Vāyu)
शक्र/इन्द्र (Śakra/Indra)
धर्म (Dharma)
अश्विनौ (the Aśvin twins)

Educational Q&A

Moral legitimacy matters: when one’s conduct is opposed to dharma, even great power or boldness is portrayed as insufficient. The verse frames divine forces as aligned with righteousness, implying that ethical failure isolates a person from cosmic support.

Kaṇva rebukes an addressee by listing major deities—Viṣṇu, Vāyu, Indra, Dharma, and the Aśvins—as being against him, and challenges the person’s presumption in daring to face them. The tone is admonitory, emphasizing the gravity of standing against dharma-backed powers.